Device and method for dispensing a drug

ABSTRACT

A device for dispensing a topically administered drug has a spreader which is used to actuate a pump to release the drug and then to spread the drug on the skin and. The spreader is coupled to a lock that prevents it from actuating the pump after a number of drug doses have been dispensed. The pump can be actuated to release no more than the selected quantity of drug per day or actuation.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/057,064, filed Sep. 29, 2014 and U.S. Provisional Application No.62/108,344, filed Jan. 27, 2015, both of which are incorporated hereinby reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to a device and method for dispensing adrug and, more particularly, to a device and method for dispensing adrug for topical administration.

BACKGROUND

Topical medications have been used to treat or prevent many conditions.For some medications, it is important to carefully control the amount ofmedication being applied to the skin to minimize unwanted side effects.Disposable sheets, wipes or pads have been used to apply topicalmedications. These topical applicators are made of absorbent materialwhich carries the medication and wiping the skin treatment area withthem allows for some transfer of medication. However, a significantamount of the medication can remain trapped in the absorbent materialand thus be wasted. Also, the amount of medication that is transferredto the skin is highly dependent upon the technique of the user. Forexample, lightly pressing the pad on the skin will result in less drugtransfer than using greater pressure and the amount of drug can also bedependent on the number of times the skin is wiped (with dose increasingwith the number of passes). Moreover, the use of such absorbent material(or even other topical medications that are formulated as creams orlotions) also results in drug being transferred to the hands (whether itis the patient or caregiver) which could lead to excess exposure orinadvertent transfer to the administrator's eyes, mouth or other people.

Conventional applicator devices, such as roll-on balls, rub-on sticksand aerosol spray cans, can also present difficulty in controlling theamount of medication being applied to the skin. With such devices, theamount of medication dispensed can vary greatly day to day. For ball andstick applicators, the amount of medication dispensed can depend on thetime duration at which the applicator is rolled or rubbed against theskin. For common aerosol spray cans, the amount of medication dispensedcan depend on the time duration at which the nozzle valve is depressedby the user.

What is needed are a device and method that allows the user to controlthe amount and location of drug or active ingredient being dispensed sothat a consistent and predictable amount is dispensed. Such control canprevent sub-effective dose from under-dosing as well as minimize wasteof the drug and/or minimize unwanted side effects that may arise withexcessive drug administration. What is also needed are a device andmethod for dispensing a drug that encourages the user to apply aprescribed or recommended dose of the drug.

SUMMARY

Briefly and in general terms, the present invention is directed to adevice and method for dispensing a drug.

In aspects of the invention, a device for dispensing a drug comprises acase, a container, a pump, a spreader, and a lock. The container isdisposed within the case and forms a chamber containing multiple dosesof the drug. The pump is disposed on the container. The pump has a pumpoutlet and is configured to release the drug from the chamber and out ofthe pump outlet when the pump is actuated. The spreader is connected toand movable relative to the case. The spreader forms a drug passagewaycoupled to the pump outlet. The spreader is configured to actuate thepump as result of pressure applied to the spreader by a user of thedevice. The lock is connected to the spreader. The lock has a numericallimit and is configured to allow the spreader to actuate the pump whenthe pump has been actuated a number of times less than the numericallimit. The lock is further configured to prevent the spreader fromactuating the pump when the pump has been actuated a number of timesequivalent to the numerical limit.

Any one or a combination of two or more of the following optionalaspects can be appended to the above aspect of the invention to formadditional aspects of the invention.

In an aspect, the pump, when actuated by pressure applied to thespreader by the user, is configured to release a drug dose over a periodof time or stroke distance and is configured to stop releasing the drugat the end of the period of time or stroke distance even when thepressure continues to be applied by the user to the spreader.

In an aspect, the spreader includes an outer surface configured to bepressed against the skin of the user, and the drug passageway has aplurality of outlets at the outer surface.

In an aspect, the lock is configured to move, with each actuation of thepump, irreversibly closer to a locked state at which the lock preventsthe spreader from actuating the pump.

In an aspect, the lock includes a visual indicator having a startingposition and an ending position, the starting position indicates thatthe spreader can actuate the pump, the ending position indicates thatthe spreader cannot actuate the pump, and the visual indicator isconfigured to move incrementally closer to the ending position each timethe spreader actuates the pump.

In an aspect, the visual indicator has an intermediate position betweenthe starting position and the ending position, and the intermediateposition indicates that the pump can be actuated by the spreader aspecified number of times (as set by the manufacturer) before the pumpreaches the numerical limit and can no longer be actuated.

In an aspect, the spreader includes a first portion forming a flexiblewall of the drug passageway, the flexible wall is configured to yieldand allow a quantity of drug released from the chamber to pass throughthe drug passageway when the pump is actuated by the spreader and isconfigured to collapse and seal the drug passageway after the quantityof drug has passed through the drug passageway.

In an aspect, the spreader includes a second portion formed of amaterial that is less flexible than the first portion, and the drugpassageway is disposed at an interface between the first portion and thesecond portion.

In an aspect, the first portion forms the outer surface of the spreader.

In an aspect, the spreader has a drug channel formed into the outersurface of the spreader, the drug channel has a depression and a ridgethat surrounds and protrudes from the depression, and at least oneoutlet of the drug passageway is located at the depression of the drugchannel.

In an aspect, the lock includes a lock member having a plurality ofpositions including a lockout position, the lock configured to move thelock member from one of the positions to the next position when thespreader actuates the pump, the lock member reaches the lockout positionwhen the pump has been actuated to the numerical limit of the lock, andthe lock member, when at the lockout position, obstructs movement of thespreader relative to the case and prevents the spreader from actuatingthe pump.

In an aspect, the lock includes a movable ratchet member configured tomove incrementally relative to the case with each actuation of the pumpby the spreader, and the lock member is attached to and moves with themovable ratchet member.

In an aspect, the movable ratchet member is a ring having a centralspace occupied by the container.

In an aspect, the lock further includes a spring, a slot, a ramp, and aplurality of teeth, the teeth are configured to move the lock member, afirst tooth among the plurality of teeth is disposed inside the slot,and a second tooth among the plurality of teeth is disposed outside ofthe slot. The spreader is configured to move the teeth in a firstdirection such that first tooth moves out of the slot when the spreaderactuates the pump. The spring is configured to move the teeth in asecond direction opposite the first direction such that the second toothslides on the ramp, which sliding causes the teeth to move in a thirddirection while moving in the second direction such that the secondtooth moves comes to rest in the slot, wherein the third direction isdifferent from the first direction and the second direction.

In an aspect, the lock includes a click mechanism configured to generatean audible click each time the spreader moves relative to the case by adistance that actuates pump to dispense a drug dose.

In an aspect, the lock includes a gate mechanism having a firstcondition and a second condition, the gate mechanism when at the firstcondition is configured to resist movement of the spreader when pressureapplied to the spreader by the user is below a pressure threshold valueneeded to actuate the pump for release of a drug dose, the gatemechanism when at the second condition provides no resistance tomovement of the spreader or provides reduced resistance to movement ofthe spreader as compared to the first condition, and the gate mechanismis configured to change from the first condition to the second conditionwhen the pressure applied to the spreader by the user increases to alevel at or above the pressure threshold value.

In an aspect, each drug dose is from 50 μL to 500 μL.

In an aspect, each drug dose is from 120 μL to 160 μL.

In an aspect, each drug dose includes glycopyrronium tosylate.

In an aspect, a maximum quantity of glycopyrronium tosylate in each drugdose is selected over the range of about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg.

In an aspect, the maximum quantity of glycopyrronium tosylate in eachdrug dose is selected over the range of about 1 mg to about 5 mg.

In an aspect, each drug dose includes glycopyrronium tosylate.

In an aspect, a maximum quantity of glycopyrronium tosylate in each drugdose is selected over the range of about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg.

In an aspect, the maximum quantity of glycopyrronium tosylate in eachdrug dose is selected over the range of about 1 mg to about 5 mg.

In aspects of the invention, a method comprises providing a deviceconfigured to release no more than a selected dose of glycopyrroniumtosylate, and actuating the device to release no more than the selecteddose of glycopyrronium tosylate, wherein the dose of glycopyrroniumtosylate is selected over the range of about 0.1 mg to about 100 mg perday.

Any one or a combination of two or more of the following aspects can beappended to the above aspect of the invention to form additional aspectsof the invention.

In an aspect, the device is configured to deliver a metered dose ofglycopyrronium tosylate.

In an aspect, the device is configured for topical administration of theglycopyrronium tosylate.

In an aspect, the dose of glycopyrronium tosylate is selected over therange of about 1 mg to about 5 mg per day.

In an aspect, the dose of glycopyrronium tosylate is selected over therange of about 1 mg to about 2 mg per day.

In an aspect, the dose of glycopyrronium tosylate is provided in a drugsolution.

In an aspect, the drug solution comprises alcohol, water, and a pHbuffering agent.

In an aspect, the glycopyrronium tosylate is about 0.25% to 20% of thedrug solution.

In an aspect, the alcohol:water ratio of the drug solution is selectedover the range of 50:50 to 70:30.

In an aspect, the pH buffering agent is about 0.2% to 0.5% of the drugsolution.

In an aspect, the pH buffering agent is citric acid/sodium citrate.

In an aspect, the pH of the drug solution is selected over the range ofabout 4.0 to 5.0.

In aspects of the invention, a device for dispensing a drug comprises aspreader for spreading the drug, the spreader including a first portionand a second portion, the first portion having a first portion uppersurface and a first portion lower surface, the second portion having asecond portion upper surface for applying the drug onto skin and asecond portion lower surface, the second portion lower surface isdisposed on and in contact with the first portion upper surface. A druginlet is formed through the first portion lower surface. A drugpassageway extends from the drug inlet to an aperture formed in thefirst portion upper surface. One or more drug outlets are formed throughthe second portion upper surface.

Any one or a combination of two or more of the following aspects can beappended to the above aspect of the invention to form additional aspectsof the invention.

In an aspect, one or more grooves are formed into the first portionupper surface for conveying the drug toward the one or more drugoutlets.

In an aspect, the second portion is a membrane, the second portion uppersurface and the second portion lower surface are on opposite sides ofthe membrane, and the membrane is configured to inhibit or prevent leaksof the drug from the first portion in the absence of positive pressurein the drug passageway.

In an aspect, one or more annular drug channels are formed into thesecond portion upper surface for containing the drug discharged from theone or more drug outlets.

In an aspect, the device further comprises a container forming a chamberfor containing multiple doses of the drug, a pump on the container, thepump having a pump outlet coupled to the drug inlet of the first portionof the spreader, the pump configured to release the drug from thechamber and out of the pump outlet when the pump is actuated, andoptionally a lock connected to the spreader, the lock having a numericallimit and configured to allow the spreader to actuate the pump when thepump has been actuated a number of times less than the numerical limit,the lock further configured to prevent the spreader from actuating thepump when the pump has been actuated a number of times equivalent to thenumerical limit.

In an aspect, the device further comprises a visual indicator forindicating completion of the doses of the drug contained in the chamber.

In an aspect, the visual indicator includes a numerical counterconfigured to change display of a number based on a total number ofdoses of the drug remaining in (or alternatively had been released by)the pump.

In an aspect, the visual indicator is configured to change display of acolor based on a total number of doses of the drug released by the pump.

In aspects of the invention, a method for drug administration comprisingthe administration of a drug to the skin of a patient, wherein the drugis dispensed from the device of any one or a combination of aspectsabove.

In any of the aspects above, the drug is provided in a solution,suspension, gel, cream, lotion, or other form suitable for topicaladministration.

In any of the aspects above, the drug is in a liquid solution orsuspension.

In any of the aspects above, the drug is in a gel.

In any of the aspects above, the drug is a cream for topicaladministration.

In any of the aspects above, the drug is a lotion for topicaladministration.

In any of the aspects above, the drug is an ointment for topicaladministration.

In any of the aspects above, the drug is a prescription medicine, anover-the-counter product, or any other substance for topicaladministration.

In any of the aspects above, the drug is: for the treatment of wrinkles,brown spots or surface roughness; an anesthetic; for the treatment ofacne; for the treatment of psoriasis; for the treatment of skin ulcers;for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers; for the treatment orprevention of baldness; for the treatment of infection; for thetreatment of warts; for the treatment of dermatosis; for the treatmentof tinea pedis, tinea versicolor, tinea cruris, tine corporis, jock itchor ringworm; for the treatment of dermatitis; for the treatment ofrosacea; for the treatment of lice; for the treatment of actinickeratosis; for the treatment of varicose veins; for the treatment ofcancer; for the treatment of onychomycosis; for treatment ofhyperhidrosis; for the prevention of sunburn or UV protection; adeodorant or an antiperspirant.

In any of the aspects above, the drug is: sunscreen, hydrocortisone,steroid, tretinoin; benzocaine, butamben, dibucaine, lidocaine,oxybuprocaine, pramoxine, proparacaine, proxymetacaine, or tetracaine;erythromycin, benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, penederm, sodiumsulfacetamide, adapalene or Tazorac; alefacept or Tazorac; becaplermin;minoxidil; tigecycline, clindamycin or butenafine; podofilox;betamethasone; luliconazole, terbinafine or terbinafine hydrochloride;tacrolimus; azelaic acid; ivermectin; ingenol mebutate; polidocanol;mechlorethamine; efinaconazole; glycopyrronium bromide; glycopyrroniumtosylate; or an aluminum salt.

In any of the aspects above, the drug is for administration to anyregion of the skin.

In any of the aspects above, the drug is for administration to: one ormore axilla; one or more hands; one or more palms; one or more feet; oneor more foot soles; the face; the forehead; the back; the lower back;the upper back; or to the genitals.

In an aspect of the invention, a device for dispensing a drug comprisesa spreader for spreading a drug on the skin. The spreader includes afirst portion including a first portion upper surface and a firstportion lower surface, there being a first portion aperture formedthrough the first portion upper surface and configured to discharge thedrug. The spreader includes a second portion including a second portionupper surface for applying the drug onto skin and a second portion lowersurface, the second portion lower surface facing toward the firstportion upper surface, there being a plurality of second portionapertures formed through the second portion upper lower surface andconfigured to receive the drug discharged from the first portionaperture, there being a plurality of drug outlets formed through thesecond portion upper surface and configured to discharge the drugreceived by the second portion apertures. The spreader includes a valvemember disposed between the first portion and the second portion, thevalve member configured to flex or bend from a first state to a secondstate in response to a change in hydraulic pressure on the valve member.The valve member, when in the first state, prevents or inhibits the drugfrom traveling from the first portion aperture to the drug outlets. Thevalve member, when in the second state, allows the drug to travel fromthe first portion aperture to the drug outlet.

In an aspect of the invention, a device for dispensing a drug comprisesa case, a spreader for spreading a drug on the skin, the spreaderextending out of the case. The device comprises a container for thedrug, the container disposed within the case and including a pumpconfigured to be actuated to deliver the drug to the spreader. Thedevice comprises a lock within the case, the lock configured to preventactuation of the pump when the pump has been actuated to a numericallimit of the lock. The lock includes a dose counter part coupled to thespreader. The dose counter part includes a visual indicator that isvisible through an aperture in the case. The dose counter part rotateswith axial movement of the spreader into the case. The rotation of thedose counter part moves the visual indicator within the aperture.

In an aspect of the invention, a device for dispensing a drug comprisesa container for a drug, and a spreader connected to the container. Thespreader has an exposed surface for spreading the drug on skin, theexposed surface including a plurality of drug outlets that dispense thedrug from the container. The exposed surface further includes aplurality of concave drug channels arranged around a central axis of thespreader. At least some of the drug outlets are located within the drugchannels. Each drug channel has an oval perimeter, the oval perimeterdefined by a round narrow end, a round wide end, and a groove centralregion between the round narrow end and the round wide end. The roundwide end has a radius of curvature greater than that of the round narrowend. The round narrow ends converge toward each other and are closer tothe central axis than the round wide ends. Each drug channel has a depththat varies within the oval perimeter, the depth being greater at thegroove central region than at the round narrow end and the round wideend.

In an aspect of the invention, a device for dispensing a drug comprisesa spreader for spreading the drug, the spreader including a firstportion and a second portion, the first portion having a first portionupper surface and a first portion lower surface, the second portionhaving a second portion upper surface for applying the drug onto skinand a second portion lower surface, the second portion lower surface isdisposed on and in contact with the first portion upper surface. A druginlet is formed through the first portion lower surface. A drugpassageway extends from the drug inlet to an aperture formed in thefirst portion upper surface. At least one concave drug channel is formedin the second portion upper surface, each drug channel has a depth thatvaries, each drug channel includes a first groove region and a secondgroove region, the depth is greatest at the second groove region ascompared to all other regions of the drug channel. A plurality of drugoutlets are formed through the second portion upper surface, at leastsome of the drug outlets are located in the first groove region of theat least one concave drug channel, and none of the drug outlets presenton the second portion upper surface are located in any second grooveregion on the second portion upper surface.

In an aspect of the invention, a device for dispensing a drug comprisesa spreader for spreading the drug, the spreader including a firstportion and a second portion, the first portion having a first portionupper surface and a first portion lower surface, the second portionhaving a second portion upper surface for applying the drug onto skinand a second portion lower surface, the second portion lower surface isdisposed on and in contact with the first portion upper surface. A druginlet is formed through the first portion lower surface. A drugpassageway extends from the drug inlet to an aperture formed in thefirst portion upper surface. A plurality of drug outlets are formedthrough the second portion upper surface, and wherein the apertureformed in the first portion upper surface provides the drug to all thedrug outlets, and none of the drug outlets are located directly abovethe aperture.

In an aspect of the invention, a device for dispensing a drug comprisesa case, and a container within the case, the container forming a chambercontaining multiple doses of the drug. The device further comprises apump on the container, the pump having a pump outlet and configured torelease the drug from the chamber and out of the pump outlet when thepump is actuated. The device further comprises a spreader connected toand movable relative to the case, the spreader forming a drug passagewaycoupled to the pump outlet, the spreader configured to actuate the pumpas result of pressure applied to the spreader by a user of the device.The device further comprises a lock connected to the spreader, the lockhaving a numerical limit and configured to allow the spreader to actuatethe pump when the pump has been actuated a number of times less than thenumerical limit. The lock includes a lock member that changes positionwith each actuation of the pump by the spreader, the lock member isconfigured to prevent the spreader from actuating the pump when the pumphas been actuated a number of times equivalent to the numerical limit.

In an aspect of the invention, a device for dispensing a drug comprisesa case, and a container within the case, the container forming a chambercontaining multiple doses of the drug. The device further comprises apump on the container, the pump having a pump outlet and configured torelease the drug from the chamber and out of the pump outlet when thepump is actuated. The device further comprises a spreader connected toand movable relative to the case, the spreader forming a drug passagewaycoupled to the pump outlet, the spreader including an exposed surfacethat, when pressed against the skin, actuates the pump to deliver thedrug to the exposed surface. The device further comprises a lockconnected to the spreader, the lock having a numerical limit andconfigured to allow the spreader to actuate the pump when the pump hasbeen actuated a number of times less than the numerical limit. The lockincludes a lock member that changes position with each actuation of thepump by the spreader, the lock member is configured to prevent thespreader from actuating the pump when the pump has been actuated anumber of times equivalent to the numerical limit.

The features and advantages of the invention will be more readilyunderstood from the following detailed description which should be readin conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1 and 2 are perspective section views partially showing exemplarydevices for dispensing a drug.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view partially showing an exemplary spreader fortopical application of a drug.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an exemplary device for dispensinga drug.

FIGS. 5A-5C are diagrams showing an exemplary visual indicator of drugdoses remaining in a device for dispensing the drug.

FIG. 6 is a perspective section view of the device of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a cross-section view showing a lock within the device of FIG.4 for limiting the total number of drug doses dispensed from the device.

FIG. 8 is a perspective exploded view of exemplary components of thedevice of FIG. 4.

FIGS. 9-11 are perspective views showing an exemplary sequence of stepsfor assembling the components of FIG. 8.

FIGS. 12A-12C are diagrams showing an exemplary sequence of steps in thefunction of a ratchet mechanism of a lock within the device of FIGS.6-11.

FIG. 13 is a cross-section view showing an exemplary spreader fortopical application of a drug.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing exemplary grooves (124) formedinto a first portion (110) of a spreader.

FIGS. 15A and 15B are top views showing positions for drug outlets (26)in relation to the grooves of FIG. 14.

FIG. 16 is a cross-section view showing exemplary drug channels (38)formed in a second portion (112) of a spreader.

FIGS. 17-20 are perspective section views showing variously exemplaryspreaders for topical application of a drug.

FIG. 21A is an exploded view of exemplary components for a spreader fortopical application of a drug.

FIG. 21B is a perspective view showing a second portion of the spreaderof FIG. 21A.

FIG. 21C is perspective section view partially showing the spreader ofFIG. 21A when assembled.

FIGS. 22-24A are perspective section views showing variously exemplaryspreaders for topical application of a drug.

FIG. 24B is an exploded view of exemplary components for the spreader ofFIG. 24A.

FIG. 25A is an exploded view of exemplary components for a spreader fortopical application of a drug.

FIG. 25B is a perspective view showing a second portion of the spreaderof FIG. 25A.

FIG. 25C is perspective section view partially showing the spreader ofFIG. 25A when assembled.

FIG. 26A is an exploded view of exemplary components for a spreader fortopical application of a drug.

FIG. 26B is a perspective view showing a second portion of the spreaderof FIG. 26A.

FIG. 26C is perspective section views partially showing the spreader ofFIG. 26A when assembled.

FIG. 27 is a perspective section view showing an exemplary spreader fortopical application of a drug.

FIG. 28A is a section view showing an exemplary device for dispensing adrug.

FIG. 28B is a schematic view showing relationships between rotatableparts of a lock in the device of FIG. 28A.

FIG. 28C is a schematic view showing a portion of a dose counter partwhich would be visible through an aperture of the device of FIG. 28A.

FIG. 28D is a perspective section view showing the rotatable parts ofthe lock in the device of FIG. 28A.

FIG. 29A is a section view showing an exemplary device for dispensing adrug.

FIG. 29B is a schematic view showing relationships between rotatableparts of a lock in the device of FIG. 29A.

FIG. 30A is a section view showing an exemplary device for dispensing adrug.

FIG. 30B is a schematic view showing relationships between rotatableparts of a lock in the device of FIG. 30A.

FIG. 30C is a schematic view showing a portion of a dose counter partwhich would be visible through an aperture of the device of FIG. 30A.

FIG. 31A is a section view showing an exemplary device for dispensing adrug.

FIG. 31B is a schematic view showing a portion of a movable indicatormember which would be visible through an aperture of the device of FIG.31A.

FIG. 32A is a perspective section view showing rotatable parts of a lockin an exemplary device for dispensing a drug.

FIGS. 32B and 32C are perspective views showing exemplary components ofa spreader in the device of FIG. 32A.

FIGS. 32D and 32E are perspective views showing an exemplary ratchetingpart of a lock in the device of FIG. 32A.

FIG. 32F is a perspective exploded view of components of FIG. 32A.

FIG. 32G is a detail view of an area of FIG. 32F.

FIG. 33A is a perspective section view showing rotatable parts ofexemplary lock for use with any spreader herein.

FIG. 33B is a perspective exploded view of components in FIG. 33A.

FIG. 34A is a perspective section view through a first cut plane of anexemplary spreader for any drug dispensing device herein.

FIG. 34B is a perspective section view through a second cut plane of thespreader of FIG. 34A.

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of a portion of drug dispensing devicecase, showing exemplary ribs for retaining the spreader of FIGS. 34A and34B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Provided herein are devices and methods for the controlled topicaladministration of a drug by a user. The drug can be any drug that apatient or caregiver wishes to administer topically. In particularembodiments, the drug is provided in a solution, suspension, gel, cream,lotion, ointment, jelly, or other form suitable for topicaladministration. In certain embodiments, the drug is in a liquid solutionor suspension. In certain embodiments, the drug is in a gel. The drugcan be a prescription medicine, an over-the-counter product, or anyother substance for topical administration.

In certain embodiments, the drug is for the treatment of wrinkles, brownspots or surface roughness. In certain embodiments, the drug istretinoin. In certain embodiments, the drug is an anesthetic. In certainembodiments, the drug is benzocaine, butamben, dibucaine, lidocaine,oxybuprocaine, pramoxine, proparacaine, proxymetacaine, or tetracaine.In certain embodiments, the drug is for the treatment of acne. Incertain embodiments, the drug is erythromycin, benzoyl peroxide,clindamycin, penederm, tretinoin, sodium sulfacetamide, adapalene ortazorac. In certain embodiments, the drug is for the treatment ofpsoriasis. In certain embodiments, the drug is alefacept or tazorac. Incertain embodiments, the drug is for the treatment of skin ulcers suchas diabetic foot ulcers. In certain embodiments, the drug isbecaplermin. In certain embodiments, the drug is for the treatment orprevention of baldness. In certain embodiments, the drug is minoxidil.In certain embodiments, the drug is for the treatment of infection. Incertain embodiments, the drug is tigecycline, clindamycin or butenafine.In certain embodiments, the drug is for the treatment of warts. Incertain embodiments, the drug is podofilox. In certain embodiments, thedrug is for the treatment of dermatosis. In certain embodiments, thedrug is betamethasone. In certain embodiments, the drug is for thetreatment of tinea pedis, tinea versicolor, tinea cruris, tine corporis,jock itch or ringworm. In certain embodiments, the drug is luliconazole,terbinafine or terbinafine hydrochloride. In certain embodiments, thedrug is for the treatment of dermatitis. In certain embodiments, thedrug is tacrolimus. In certain embodiments, the drug is for thetreatment of rosacea. In certain embodiments, the drug is azelaic acid.In certain embodiments, the drug is for the treatment of lice. Incertain embodiments, the drug is ivermectin. In certain embodiments, thedrug is for the treatment of actinic keratosis. In certain embodiments,the drug is ingenol mebutate. In certain embodiments, the drug is forthe treatment of varicose veins. In certain embodiments, the drug ispolidocanol. In certain embodiments, the drug is for the treatment ofcancer. In certain embodiments, the drug is mechlorethamine. In certainembodiments, the drug is for the treatment of onychomycosis. In certainembodiments, the drug is efinaconazole.

In certain embodiments, the drug is for treatment of hyperhidrosis. Incertain embodiments, the drug is glycopyrrolate or glycopyrroniumbromide. In certain embodiments, the drug is glycopyrronium tosylate. Incertain embodiments, the drug is an antiperspirant, for instance analuminum salt.

The devices and methods can be for administration to any region of theskin. In particular embodiments, the administration is to one or moreaxilla. In particular embodiments, the administration is to one or morehands. In particular embodiments, the administration is to one or morepalms. In particular embodiments, the administration is to one or morefeet. In particular embodiments, the administration is to one or morefoot soles. In particular embodiments, the administration is to theface. In particular embodiments, the administration is to the forehead.In particular embodiments, the administration is to the back. Inparticular embodiments, the administration is to the lower back. Inparticular embodiments, the administration is to the upper back. Inparticular embodiments, the administration is to the genitals.

Referring now in more detail to the drawings for purposes ofillustrating exemplary embodiments of the invention, wherein likereference numerals designate corresponding or like elements among theseveral views, there is shown in FIG. 1 device 10 for dispensing a drugfor topical administration.

Device 10 comprises container 12 and spreader 14. Container 12 containsa drug and includes pump 16 configured to discharge the drug intospreader 14. Spreader 14 is configured to carry the discharged drug andthen to spread the drug on the skin.

To dispense the drug, a user of device 10 presses outer surface 18 ofspreader 14 against an area of the skin on which the drug is to beapplied. Mechanical pressure on outer surface 18 is transmitted byspreader 14 to pump 16. The direction of pressure or force is depictedby arrows 20. The pressure actuates pump 16 to release the drug fromwithin chamber 22 of container 12. When released from chamber 22, thedrug travels through pump 16 and into drug passageway 24 within spreader14. Drug passageway 24 extends to outer surface 18 where the drug exitsdevice 10 and makes contact with the skin. The user may slide spreader14 back and forth and/or in a circular motion against the skin to spreadthe drug on the skin.

In FIG. 1, drug passageway 24 has a plurality of outlets 26 formedthrough outer surface 18 of spreader 14. Outlets 26 are spaced apartacross a flat expanse of outer surface 18. Due to the distance betweenoutlets 26, the drug could be dispersed over a wider area of spreader 14as it exits device 10 as compared to a spreader with only a singleoutlet. With the spreader configuration of FIG. 1, Applicants have foundthat the drug is evenly dispersed across the flat expanse of thespreader 14. In some instances, however, some of the drug escapes fromperipheral edge 30 of spreader 14, where it accumulates when spreader 14is pressed against the skin. If the drug accumulates beyond peripheraledge 30, it may be possible for significant quantities of the drug todrip down sides 39 of spreader 14 instead of being spread on the user'sskin. In particular embodiments, the spreader configuration of FIG. 1 isuseful for a drug that is sufficiently viscous to minimize drug escape.

In FIG. 2, drug passageway 24 has only a single outlet 26. Drug channel38 is formed into outer surface 18. Drug channel 38 has depression 34and ridge 36 that surrounds and protrudes from depression 34. An annulardepression, referred to as drug channel 38, surrounds ridge 36. Outlet26 is located at depression 34. Depression 34 and ridge 36 form acentral cup in which the drug is carried immediately after it exitsdevice 10. With this spreader configuration, Applicants have found thatwhen spreader 14 is pressed on the skin, some of the drug escapes fromthe central cup and is captured in drug channel 38, which makes it lesslikely for the drug to drip down sides 39 of spreader 14 and more likelythat the entire drug dose will be used to uniformly coat the treatmentarea of the skin. In certain embodiments, drug channel 38 is useful fora drug that is less viscous and likely to escape in the absence of drugchannel 38.

In other embodiments, the spreader configuration of FIG. 2 is modifiedso that drug passageway 24 has multiple outlets (see e.g., FIG. 3). Theoutlets are located at depression 34. Optionally, additional outlets arelocated at drug channel 38.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, the forward facing area of spreader 14 is defined asthe surface area enclosed within peripheral edge 30. In plan view, theforward facing area is a circle and peripheral edge 30 has a diameter of45 mm. The plan view refers to the view of the forward facing area inthe direction of arrow 20. Other diameters can be implemented, such as35 mm. The diameter of peripheral edge 30 can depend on various factorssuch as the volume of the drug dose which is to be applied and theexpected size of the skin treatment area. For example, a larger diametercan be implemented for device 10 designed for adults as to compared toone designed for young children. Also, the diameter of peripheral edge30 can be miniaturized (e.g., 5-10 mm) for microdosing for applicationswhere lower doses are desired (e.g., applications for warts or aroundeye areas and the like).

In FIG. 2, depression 34, ridge 36, and drug channel 38 each forms acircle when seen in plan view. The circles formed by ridge 36 and drugchannel 38 are concentric. The forward facing area, depression 34, ridge36, and drug channel 38 can have shapes other than circles in order tofacilitate application of the drug on a skin treatment area which maynot be circular or flat.

As shown in FIG. 3 for example, the forward facing area, depression 34,ridge 36, and drug channel 38 are elliptical in plan view, i.e, whenviewed in the direction of arrow 21. The elliptical shapes canfacilitate application of the drug on an elongate, non-circular skintreatment area. Also, spreader 14 has an overall convex shape inelevation, i.e., when viewed from the side in the direction of arrow 23.The overall convex shape can facilitate application of the drug on aconcave treatment area, such as the axilla or armpit of the user.

The depth and surface area of depression 34 and drug channel 38 maydepend on various factors. One potential factor is the volume of thedrug dose which is to be carried on the forward facing area of spreader14 prior to spreading the drug on the skin. For example, a greater depthand surface area would be needed for a drug dose of 250 μL as comparedto that needed for a drug dose of 140 μL.

In FIG. 3, only a single ridge 36 and a single drug channel 38 arelabeled. It will be appreciated that more ridges and drug channels canbe implemented in a concentric arrangement. The number of ridges anddrug channels may depend upon the area size of spreader 14, the amountof drug dispensed with each actuation of pump 16, and/or the viscosityof the drug composition. A greater amount of drug and/or a lowerviscosity may call for a greater number to prevent escape of the drugbeyond peripheral edge 30 of spreader 14. Spreader 14 can have only asingle ridge, or it can have 2, 3, 4, 5, or more ridges which areconcentric which each other. Spreader 14 can have only a single drugchannel, or it can have 2, 3, 4, 5, or more drug channels which may bearranged in any manner (e.g., are concentric which each other). Eachdrug channel can be bounded by a pair ridges such that an inner boundaryof the drug channel is defined by one of the ridges, and an outerboundary of the drug channel is defined by another one of the ridges.

Pump 16 is configured to be actuated multiple times. The amount releasedwith each actuation of pump 16 is referred to as a drug dose. The drugdose can be a solution that comprises the drug (i.e., the activeingredient) and other ingredients such as alcohol, water, and a pHbuffering agent. With each actuation of pump 16, the drug dose should beabout the same so that the user can have confidence in the amount ofdrug being applied to the skin. For example, the drug dose released fromthe first actuation of pump 16 should be about the same as the drug dosereleased from the tenth, twentieth, and thirtieth actuation of pump 16.In this context, the phrase “about the same” means within 20% of anaverage drug dose. The dispensing tolerance of 20% can be smaller, suchas 15%, 10%, or 5% in particular embodiments. For example, pump 16 canbe configured to release an average drug dose of 140 μL when actuated.So that the drug dose is about the same with each actuation, pump 16 canbe configured to have a dispensing tolerance of 15% around 140 μL sothat each actuation of pump 16 will dispense a drug dose from about 120μL to about 160 μL.

The average drug dose can be other than 140 μL. For example, the averagedrug dose can be 50 μL, 100 μL, 250 μL, 500 μL or other quantity. Theaverage drug dose can depend upon the size of the skin surface area thatis expected to be treated with each actuation of pump 16. The averagedrug dose can also depend upon the quantity or concentration of the drug(i.e, the active ingredient) in the drug dose. In cases where the activeingredient is glycopyrronium tosylate, the glycopyrronium tosylate canbe from 0.25% to 2%, from 0.25% to 3%, from 0.25% to 4%, from 0.25% to5%, from 0.25% to 6%, or from 0.25% to 20% of the drug dose. In caseswhere the drug dose is a solution that includes alcohol, water, and a pHbuffering agent, the alcohol:water ratio of the solution can be in therange of 50:50 to 70:30. The pH buffering agent can be 0.2% to 0.5% ofthe solution. The pH buffering agent can be citric acid/sodium citrate.The pH of the solution can be from 4.0 to 5.0.

When actuated by pressure applied to spreader 14 by the skin treatmentarea on the user, pump 16 will release the drug dose over a limitedperiod of time or stroke distance, such that release of the entire drugdose occurs relatively quickly. Alternatively, the time period can from0.1 second to 1 second, or from 0.1 second to 0.5 second. After theentire drug dose is released, it can then be distributed evenly acrossthe entire skin treatment area when the user continues to press andslide spreader 14 against the skin. Since spreader 14 is pressed againstthe skin during the distribution process, it is desirable for pump 16 tostop releasing the drug even when the user continues to apply pressureto spreader 14 (to enable a metered dose).

Various configurations for pump 16 can be implemented. For example, pump16 can have a nozzle at the exterior of pump 16. The nozzle is firmlyheld by a fixture over an opening of container 12. The nozzle has anoutlet from which the drug is dispensed. The nozzle outlet is coupled todrug passageway 24 of spreader 14. The nozzle can be attached to amovable piston within pump 16. When the user presses spreader 14 againstthe skin treatment area, spreader 14 pushes the nozzle, and the pistonproduces suction that draws the drug into a dip tube within chamber 22and then out of the nozzle outlet. A pump spring within pump 16 iscompressed when spreader 14 pushes the nozzle. Thereafter, the pumpspring returns the nozzle to its starting position.

Device 10 can be configured as shown in FIG. 4. Device 10 comprises case40 and cover 42. Case 40 carries container 12 which is hidden from view.Spreader 14 is connected to and movable relative to case 40. Cover 42 isremovably attached to case 40 to protect spreader 14 from dust andcontamination. Cover 42 is removed and reattached to case 40 by theuser. Cover 42 is detached from case 40 when the drug is being appliedby spreader 14 to the skin treatment area. After the drug is applied,cover 42 can be reattached to case 40 to keep spreader 14 clean and toprevent it from accidentally dispensing drug when depressed. Cover 42can have any of screw features or snap features for attaching it to case40.

Various drug channel designs can be used to hold the liquid volume andprevent it from dripping before it can be spread onto the surface of theskin. For example, one such design is shown in FIG. 4 where centraldepression 34, three ridges 36, and two drug channels 38A and 38B areformed on the forward facing area of spreader 14. Drug passageway 24 hasa plurality of branches (hidden from view) that lead to outlets 26 onthe forward facing area of spreader 14. Outlets 26 are located incentral depression 34 and inner drug channel 38A.

Device 10 is designed to allow only a limited number of drug doses to bereleased. The numerical limit can correspond to when the drug contentsof container 12 is expected to be nearly depleted. When the numericallimit is reached, pump 16 (hidden from view in FIG. 4) cannot beactuated again, which thereby reduces the possibility that an incompletedrug dose will be released due to an insufficient quantity withincontainer 12. The numerical limit can be established by a lock builtinto device 10. The lock has an unlocked state and a locked state. Thelock is capable of moving from the unlocked state to the lock state butnot from the lock state to the unlocked state. The lock is configured,when in the unlocked state, to allow spreader 14 to actuate pump 16 whenpump 16 has been actuated a total number of times less than a numericallimit. The lock is configured, when in the locked state, to preventspreader 14 from actuating pump 16 when pump 16 has been actuated anumber of times equivalent to the numerical limit. The lock changes fromthe unlocked state to the locked state when the user of device 10actuates pump 16 to the numerical limit. The lock is configured suchthat the user cannot move the lock from the locked state to the unlockedstate.

Aperture 44 is formed through an outer wall of case 40 to expose visualindicator 46 which is attached to or forms a part of the lock. Visualindicator 46 can indicate completion of the doses of the drug containedin chamber 22 of container 12. Visual indicator 46 informs the user ofwhether the lock is approaching or is at the locked state. Visualindicator 46 includes a graphical marker, such as a number, line orcolored bar or other symbol, which changes position incrementally withinaperture 44 as the total number of times pump 16 is actuated approachesthe numerical limit. For example, visual indicator can be configured tochange display of a color based on a total number of doses of the drugremaining in pump 16, as shown in FIGS. 5A-5C.

In FIG. 5A, visual indicator 46 begins to appear in aperture 44 whenpump 16 can be actuated only a finite number of times before the lockchanges to the locked state. When the user actuates pump 16 one or moretimes, visual indicator 46 changes position by moving to the left asshown in FIG. 5B. When the user again actuates pump 16 one or moretimes, visual indicator 46 changes position by moving further to theleft as shown in FIG. 5C.

For example, the visual indicator position illustrated in FIG. 5A caninform the user that pump 16 can be actuated 2 more times, 6 more times,or 12 more times before the lock changes to the locked state. The visualindicator position illustrated in FIG. 5B can inform the user that pump16 can be actuated only 1 more time, 3 more times, or 6 more timesbefore the lock changes to the locked state. The visual indicatorposition illustrated in FIG. 5C can inform the user that pump 16 hasbeen actuated to the numerical limit and that the lock is now in thelocked state which prevents pump 16 from ever being actuated again.

Alternatively, the position of visual indicator 46 shown in FIG. 5A cancorrespond to four remaining actuations of pump 16. This can inform theuser that device 10 can be used for a specified number of times (e.g.,for only two more days to provide one drug dose at each axilla per day).Also, the position of visual indicator 46 shown in FIG. 5B cancorrespond to two remaining actuations of pump 16. For example, this caninform the user that device 10 can be used for only one more day toprovide one drug dose at each axilla.

Visual indicator 46 can be a numerical counter configured to changedisplay of a number based on a total number of doses of the drugdispensed or number of doses remaining in pump 16. For example, Visualindicator 46 can be a series of printed numbers in ascending order sothat a particular number appears through aperture 44 to indicate thecurrent total number of times pump 16 has been actuated. With eachactuation of pump 16, visual indicator 46 shifts position so that thenext higher number moves into aperture 44. Alternatively, the printednumbers can be in descending order so that a particular number appearsthrough aperture 44 to indicate the remaining number of times the pump16 can be actuated. With each actuation of pump 16, visual indicator 46shifts position so that the next lower number moves into aperture 44.

Visual indicator 46 has a starting position and an ending position.Visual indicator 46 is at the starting position when no drug doses havebeen dispensed from device 10. Visual indicator 46 is at the endingposition (FIG. 5C) when the numerical limit of drug doses have beendispensed from device 10 and pump 16 cannot be actuated. Visualindicator 46 includes one or more intermediate positions between thestarting position and the ending position. Any one of the positions ofvisual indicator 46 illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B can be anintermediate position that indicates that pump 16 can be actuated by thespreader only one or two more times before the lock reaches itsnumerical limit.

The lock sets the numerical limit on the total number of times pump 16can be actuated. The lock can be configured to establish a numericallimit of 30, 60, 120, or more. The lock can be configured to establish anumerical limit that is at least 30, at least 60, or at least 120 drugdoses. Other numerical limits can be implemented. In cases where device10 is intended for use in treating two skin treatment areas of the userper day (e.g., both axilla of the user per day), it can be desirable forthe numerical limit to be an even number such as 20, 22, 24 and so on.The numerical limit can depend upon the volumetric capacity of chamber22 of container 12. The numerical limit can depend upon the desiredduration of treatment.

For example, the numerical limit can be 60 drug doses when a prescribedtreatment calls for a single drug dose per day at each axilla of theuser for 30 days. Each drug dose from a single actuation of pump 16 cancontain a quantity of glycopyrronium tosylate. The quantity can bewithin the range of 0.5 mg to 5 mg, 0.1 to 100 mg, 0.5 mg to 10 mg, or 1mg to 5 mg, or 1 mg to 2 mg.

As a further example, the numerical limit can be 120 drug doses so thatdevice 10 can be used to dispense four drug doses per day (e.g., twodrug doses per axilla per day) for 30 days. Each drug dose can containhalf the quantity of glycopyrronium tosylate in the previous example, sothat when actuating pump 16 twice at each axilla, the user applies aquantity that is within the range of 0.1 mg to 100 mg, 0.5 mg to about10 mg per axilla per day, or 1 mg to 5 mg per axilla per day, or 1 mg to2 mg per axilla per day.

When treating other body parts, the quantity of glycopyrronium tosylatedispensed can be as in the examples above, or can be less or greaterthan the examples above.

FIGS. 6-8 show an exemplary construction of device 10. Components oflock 50 are contained within case 40. Case 40 comprises three distinctparts: case sides 40A and 40B and case top 40C. The distinct partsfacilitate manufacturing and assembly. First, case sides 40A and 40B arejoined together to form a compartment as shown in FIG. 9. Case sides 40Aand 40B can be joined permanently, such as with an adhesive, ultrasonicwelding, or molded in a single piece. Lock 50 is placed into thecompartment as shown in FIG. 10. Lock 50 rests on top of platform 52(FIG. 8) firmly attached to each of case sides 40A, 40B. Next, container12, container holder 54, and spreader 14 are assembled together to forma subassembly that is then placed in the compartment as shown in FIG.11. Thereafter, case top 40C is secured onto case sides 40A, 40C. Casetop 40C can be secured permanently such as with an adhesive, ultrasonicwelding, or mechanical features.

When fully assembled, bottom edge 56 of case top 40C engages the top oflock 50 so as to prevent lock 50 from lifting out of the compartment.Spreader 14 extends through a central opening of case top 40C and iscapable of moving up and down relative to case top 40C and container 12.Inner lip 58 of case top 40C engages flange 60 of spreader 14 so as toprevent spreader 14 from separating away from pump 16 of container 12.

Container holder 54 aligns pump outlet 62 (FIG. 6) of pump 16 with drugpassageway inlet 64 of spreader 14. Container holder 54 includes rails66 (FIG. 8) that engage ribs 68 firmly attached to on each of case sides40A, 40B. Rails 66 and ribs 68 restrict or prevent container holder 54and spreader 14 from rotating about central axis 70 relative to caseparts 40A, 40B, and 40C. Spreader 14 includes guide members 72 which areslidingly received within slots 74 formed in container holder 54. Guidemembers 72 and slots 74 restrict or prevent spreader 14 from rotatingabout central axis 70 relative to container holder 54. Guide members 72allow spreader 14 to move axially relative to container 12 in adirection parallel to central axis 70.

Pressure applied by the user on the forward facing area of spreader 14results in axial movement of spreader 14 which actuates pump 16 ofcontainer 12 to force the drug into fluid passageway 24 of spreader 14.Spreader 14 includes rigid leg 76 (FIGS. 7 and 8) that moves into lock50 during axial movement of spreader 14. When leg 76 moves into lock 50,lock 50 advances one step toward its locked state. Lock 50 is configuredto advance by a total number of steps that corresponds to the totalnumber of drug doses which device 10 is designed to deliver. The totalnumber of steps establishes the numerical limit, previously describedabove, at which pump 16 can no longer be actuated by spreader 14.

Lock 50 includes lock member 78 (FIGS. 7 and 8) which movesincrementally with each step taken by lock 50. Lock member 78 movescloser to its lockout position with each step of lock 50 that resultsfrom axial movement of spreader 14 and from actuation of pump 16. Whennot at the lockout position, lock member 78 is not located directlyabove ledge 81 (FIG. 7) firmly attached to case side 40A, and lockmember 78 is capable of moving up and down due to axial movement ofspreader 14. Thereafter, when at the lockout position, lock member 78 islocated directly above ledge 81. When the user of device 10 attempts toactuate pump 16 again, lock member 78 abuts ledge 81 so as to obstructand prevent axial movement of spreader 14 relative to container 12. Thisprevents pump 16 from being actuated by spreader 14.

Lock 50 includes two-part ring 80 (FIG. 8) having a ratchet mechanismconfigured to rotate first ring 82 of the two-part ring each timespreader 14 actuates the pump 16. When leg 76 of spreader 14 moves intolock 50, leg 76 engages first ring 82 so that first ring 82 moves onestep toward the numerical limit of lock 50. With each step, first ring82 incrementally rotates in a first rotational direction relative tosecond ring 84 of the two-part ring. Second ring 84 is concentric withfirst ring 82 and prevents rotation of first ring 82 in the oppositerotational direction. Lock member 78 is firmly attached to and rotateswith first ring 82. Each incremental rotational of first ring 82 causeslock member 78 to move closer to its lockout position directly aboveledge 81 (FIG. 7). Visual indicator 46 (FIGS. 5A-5C) can be a graphicmarker on first ring 82.

First and second rings 82, 84 are interlocking ratchet members that eachforms a closed circle having a central opening. The central openingprovides a space which is occupied by pump 16, thereby allowing for anefficient use of space within the confines of case 40. Although theinterlocking ratchet members (in the form rings 82, 84) are illustratedas closed circles encompassing 360 degrees, it will be appreciated thatthe interlocking ratchet members can each be configured as an arc ofless than 360 degrees. For example, rings 82, 84 (non-limiting examplesof interlocking ratchet members) can be replaced with half circles eachof which forms a 180 degree arc or with three-quarter circles each offorms a 270 degree arc.

First ring 82 rotates incrementally relative to case 40 and second ring84 with each actuation of pump 16. Second ring 84 is firmly attached tocase 40. Second ring 84 remains stationary in that it does not rotaterelative to case 40 with each actuation of pump 16. First ring 82 can bereferred to as a movable ratchet member, and second ring 84 can bereferred to as a fixed ratchet member. The movable and fixed ratchetmembers need not be circles and need not have an overall arc shape.Instead, the ratchet members can extend in a straight line, in whichcase the movable ratchet member can move incrementally in a straightline relative to case 40 with each actuation of pump 16.

A movable ratchet member—which can be a ring (e.g., first ring 82),arc-shaped or linear—can be longer in length than the fixed ratchetmember. Since the movable ratchet member moves incrementally relative tocase 40 with each actuation of pump 16, the length of movable ratchetmember can depend on the total number of drug doses which device 10 isdesigned to dispense.

An exemplary ratchet mechanism for the lock can take the form of aplurality of angled teeth 86 and ramps 88 as shown in FIGS. 12A to 12C.Teeth 86 are firmly attached to movable ratchet member 82 which movesrelative to case 40 with each actuation of pump 16. Lock member 78(FIGS. 7 and 8) is firmly attached to and moves with movable ratchetmember 82. The movable ratchet member can be first ring 82 illustratedin FIG. 8 or another component, such as an arc-shaped movable ratchetmember or linear movable ratchet member.

Ramps 88 are firmly attached to fixed ratchet member 84. Fixed ratchetmember 84 is firmly attached to case 40 and does not move relative tocase 40 with each actuation of pump 16. The fixed ratchet member can besecond ring 84 illustrated in FIG. 8 or another component, such as anarc-shaped fixed ratchet member or linear fixed ratchet member. Thefunction of teeth 86 and ramps 88 is the same for ratchet members thatare rings, arcs, or linear.

In FIG. 12A, first tooth 86A is disposed inside slot 89 between ramps88. Second tooth 86B is disposed outside of slot 89. Leg 76 of spreader14 pushes movable ratchet member 82 together with all teeth 86 in firstdirection 90 when spreader 14 moves axially due to pressure applied onthe forward facing area of spreader 14 by the skin treatment area of theuser. Consequently, first tooth 86A moves out of slot 89.

In FIG. 12B, leg 76 has stopped moving and is held in place by continuedpressure applied on the forward facing area of spreader 14 by the skintreatment area of the user. Spring 92 (FIG. 7) urges movable ratchetmember 82 together with all teeth 86 to move in second direction 94opposite first direction 90. Spring 92 can be a helical spring asillustrated or another type of spring such as a leaf spring. Becauseteeth 86 are now disengaged from ramps 88, second tooth 86B slides offof angled surface 96 of leg 76 due to action of spring 92.

As shown in FIG. 12C, the sliding motion between second tooth 86B andangled surface 96 of leg 76 causes movable ratchet member 82 and lockmember 78 (FIGS. 7 and 8) to move in third direction 100 whilesimultaneously moving in second direction 94. The combination ofmovement in the second and third directions will cause second tooth 86Bto eventually move into slot 89 which was previously occupied by firsttooth 86A. Movement of second tooth 86B into slot 89 corresponds to onestep toward the numerical limit of lock 50. When second tooth 86B comesto rest within slot 89, second tooth 86B is trapped and moveable ratchetmember 82 is held in place until the user releases spreader 14 anddepresses spreader 14 again.

If movable ratchet member 82 is a ring (e.g., first ring 82 in FIG. 8)or is arc-shaped, third direction 100 can be clockwise rotation asviewed along central axis 70 and looking down on the outer surface ofspreader 14. The inclination angle of angled surfaces 96, teeth 88, andramp surfaces 98 can be altered from what is shown in FIGS. 12A-12C sothat third direction 100 can be counterclockwise rotation.

Pump 16 ensures that leg 76 is at its starting position shown in FIG.12A when no pressure is applied by the user on the forward facing areaof spreader 14. Spring 92 ensures that teeth 86 are engaged with ramps88 as shown in FIG. 12A when no pressure is applied by the user on theforward facing area of spreader 14. Distance 102 is the axial distanceby which spreader 14 must travel so that lock 50 advances irreversiblyby one step toward the numerical limit of lock 50. Distance 102 can bemeasured from trailing edge 104 of leg 76 at the starting position (FIG.12A) to the leading edge 106 of ramps 88. Distance 108 is the axialdistance by which pump 16 must be displaced or actuated to release afull drug dose. The full drug dose can be one that is within a certainrange, such as an average drug dose plus/minus a dispensing tolerance aspreviously described above. The full drug dose can be one that containsa quantity of glycopyrronium tosylate that is within the range of 0.1 mgto 100 mg, 0.5 mg to 10 mg, or 1 mg to 5 mg, or 1 mg to 2 mg.

For example, distance 102 can be 5 mm in a case where complete actuationof pump 16 requires pump 16 to be pushed at least 5 mm. This will helpensure that when leg 76 is at its final, fully depressed position (FIG.12B), lock 50 will reliably advance one step in the manner previouslydescribed, and pump 16 will have been completely actuated to release thefull drug dose. Other values for distance 102 can be implemented, suchas 10 mm and 15 mm.

The term “lock stroke length” is the distance 102 by which spreader 14must travel so that lock 50 advances irreversibly by one step toward thenumerical limit of lock 50. Distance 108 (FIGS. 12A and 12B) is themaximum difference in the starting and final positions of spreader 14when the user depresses spreader 14. The arrangement of parts withindevice 10 determines distance 108. For example, the starting position ofspreader 14 can correspond to when inner lip 58 (FIG. 8) of case top 40Cabuts flange 60 of spreader 14, and the final position of spreader 14can correspond to when movable ratchet member 82 abuts platform 52 (FIG.8) on case 40. Alternatively, the final position of spreader 14 cancorrespond to when pump 16 has reached its limit of axial movement. Theterm “pump stroke length” is the minimum distance P for completelyactuating pump 16 so that it dispenses a full drug dose. The pump strokelength P can be any distance from distance 102 to distance 108. Forexample, pump stroke length P can be 5 mm, 7 mm, 12 mm, or anothervalue.

In some embodiments, lock stroke length 102 is less than the pump strokelength P. With this configuration, lock 50 will advance irreversiblyeven when spreader 14 is not fully depressed. For example, lock strokelength 102 can be 50%, 60%, or 70% of P. The user may be discouragedfrom attempting to dispense a partial drug dose since lock 50 willadvance regardless of whether spreader 14 is depressed to release apartial drug dose or the full drug dose.

Device 10 includes a click mechanism that helps the user determine whenspreader 14 has been depressed by an axial distance that causes completeactuation of pump 16 for delivery of a full drug dose. The clickmechanism generates a click when axial movement of spreader 14 hasactuated pump 16 by the distance that releases a full drug dose. Byanticipating the click, the user will know whether spreader 14 needs tobe depressed further so that the user is less likely to accidentallydispense a partial drug dose. The click can be an audible sound that theuser can hear and/or a tactile pulse that the user can feel. Referringto FIG. 12C for example, spring 92 can provide an upward force suchthat, with a sufficient difference between distance 102 and distance108, an audible sound and tactile pulse is generated when teeth 86impact ramp surfaces 98.

Device 10 includes a gate mechanism that can help prevent the user frompurposefully or accidentally dispensing a partial drug dose. The gatemechanism has the effect of causing spreader 14 to be depressedcompletely when a force or pressure exceeding a threshold level isapplied to spreader 14. For example, the gate mechanism engages spreader14 to prevent spreader 14 from moving when pressure is too low, i.e.,below a pressure threshold value. The pressure threshold value is anamount of pressure that will reliably actuate pump 16 completely torelease the full drug dose. When the user applies more pressure tospreader 14 so as to meet or exceed the pressure threshold value, thegate mechanism disengages spreader 14 and the buildup of pressure causesspreader 14 to be depressed quickly and completely.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 8 and 13-16, spreader 14 can include first portion110 and second portion 112. Drug passageway 24 is disposed at aninterface between first portion 110 and second portion 112. Secondportion 112 can be made of an elastic material so that it forms aflexible wall of drug passageway 24. First portion 110 is configured toallow the drug dose released from chamber 22 of container 12 to passthrough drug passageway 24 when pump 16 is actuated by spreader 14. Whenpump 16 forces the drug dose into drug passageway 24, the flexible wallyields to allow the drug dose to continue through the entire drugpassageway and exit from outlets 26.

First portion 110 is further configured to obstruct air flow in drugpassageway 24 after the drug dose has passed through drug passageway 24.This can help prevent contamination of drug passageway 24 and minimizethe volume of drug remaining in spreader 14 which is outside of thesterile environment of chamber 22 of container 12. Any quantity of thedrug dose that might remain in drug passageway 24 will be squeezed outof drug passageway 24 by the flexible walls provided by first portion110. After the drug dose has passed entirely through drug passageway 24,the flexible wall returns to its natural, collapsed state in which itpresses against second portion 112 so that the entire drug passageway24, or only a segment thereof, is compressed shut. Second portion 112 isformed of a material that is less flexible than that of first portion110.

Second portion 112 covers first portion 110 and forms outer surface 18of spreader 14. As indicated above, first portion 110 is more flexiblethan second portion 112. Alternatively, second portion 112 can be formedof a material that is more flexible than that of first portion 110, suchthat second portion 112 forms the flexible wall that squeezes out thedrug dose from drug passageway 14 and then collapses onto first portion110 to seal drug passageway 24. As a further alternative, first portion110 and second portion 112 can be made of flexible materials such thatboth portions 110, 112 form flexible walls of drug passageway 24 whichsqueeze out the drug dose from drug passageway 24 and then collapse ontoeach other to seal drug passageway 24.

Any of the above embodiments and aspects of the invention can bemodified such that spreader 14 includes any one or more of the featuresdescribed above in combination with any one or more features describedbelow in connection with FIGS. 13-16.

As shown in FIG. 13, spreader 14 includes first portion 110 and secondportion 112. FIG. 13 is an exploded view to more clearly illustrate thefeatures of spreader 14. When assembled, second portion 112 restsdirectly on top of first portion 110. First portion 110 includes firstportion upper surface 114 and first portion lower surface 116. Secondportion 112 includes second portion upper surface 118 and second portionlower surface 120. Second portion upper surface 118 is used to apply thedrug onto skin. When assembled, second portion lower surface 120 isdisposed on and in contact with first portion upper surface 114.

The terms “upper” and “lower” refer to the orientation of components asillustrated in the figures. It will be appreciated that the componentscan be inverted or oriented in various directions when in use. Forexample, when device 10 is inverted, an upper surface can be locatedbelow a corresponding lower surface on the same component. Thus, theterms “upper” and “lower” should not be interpreted as limiting thescope of the invention to one orientation (e.g., upright, inverted, ortilted).

Drug inlet 64 is an aperture formed through first portion lower surface116. A segment of drug passageway 24 extends from drug inlet 64 to firstportion aperture 121 formed through first portion upper surface 114.Drug outlets 26 are apertures formed through second portion uppersurface 118. Other segments of drug passageway 24 extend from drugoutlets 26 to apertures 122 formed through second portion lower surface120. Although only two drug outlets 26 are illustrated, it will beappreciated that there can be only one or many more drug outlets. Pump16 forces the drug into drug inlet 64, through the contact interfacebetween second portion lower surface 120 and first portion upper surface114, and out of drug outlets 26 where the drug can then be spread on theskin.

In FIG. 13, drug outlets 26 are offset from drug inlet 64. Each drugoutlet 26 is separated by radial distances D from drug inlet 64. Secondportion lower surface 120 covers first portion aperture 121. Thisconfiguration can prevent or reduce the possibility that actuation ofpump 16 could cause the drug to stream or jet out of drug outlets 26.Second portion lower surface 120 would deflect the drug coming out offirst portion aperture 121 and distribute the drug to one or more drugoutlets 26.

In some aspects, contact between second portion lower surface 120 andfirst portion upper surface 114 can be momentarily lost when the drug isforced through. After the drug has passed through, contact betweensecond portion lower surface 120 and first portion upper surface 114 isrestored. Such contact can inhibit or prevent leaks of drug from thedrug passageway of first portion 110 in the absence of positivepressure. Positive pressure refers to a positive differential inpressure between drug inlet 64 (at higher pressure) and drug outlets 26(at lower pressure). For example, the positive differential can be suchthat the gauge pressure (e.g., fluid pressure of drug) at drug inlet 64is at least two times or at least ten times the gauge pressure at drugoutlets 26 (e.g., ambient air pressure). The positive differential canbe produced by pump 16 when it is actuated by the user.

In FIG. 14, grooves 124 are optionally formed into first portion uppersurface 114. Groves 124 provide a passageway for the drug upondispensing. Grooves 124 extend radially outward from first portionaperture 121. Grooves 124 optionally intersect with first portionaperture 121 as illustrated. Although only three grooves 124 areillustrated, it will be appreciated that a greater or lesser number ofgrooves can be implemented.

FIGS. 15A and 15B are alternative plan views that show second portion112 superimposed over first portion 110 as viewed along arrow 21 in FIG.13. In FIG. 15A, drug outlets 26 are offset from grooves 124. Drugoutlets 26 and apertures 122 (FIG. 13) are not located directly abovegrooves 124. The configuration of FIG. 15A may reduce the possibility ofstreaming and/or may inhibit leaking of drug from the drug passageway offirst portion 110 in the absence of positive pressure. In FIG. 15B, drugoutlets 26 are aligned with grooves 124. Drug outlets 26 and apertures122 (FIG. 13) are located directly above grooves 124. The configurationof FIG. 15B can increase the speed at which the drug is distributed overlarge areas of second portion upper surface 118 when pump 16 isactuated.

In some aspects, second portion 112 is optionally a membrane made of anelastic polymer material. Second portion upper surface 118 and secondportion lower surface 120 are on opposite sides of the membrane. Themembrane is flexible and conforms to the shape of first portion 110.Peripheral edges 126 (FIG. 13) of the membrane (or other areas of themembrane) can be affixed onto first portion 110 so that second portionlower surface 120 naturally presses against first portion upper surface114. With positive pressure, such as when pump 16 is actuated, the drugpushes against second portion lower surface 120 of the membrane, whichcauses the membrane to flex to allow passage of the drug. In the absenceof positive pressure, elasticity of the membrane causes second portionlower surface 120 to press once again against first portion uppersurface 114. This configuration can inhibit or prevent leaks of drugfrom the drug passageway of first portion 110 in the absence of positivepressure.

In some aspects, one or more annular drug channels 38 are formed intosecond portion upper surface 118, such as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and16-19. Drug channels 38 can retain an amount of drug discharged fromdrug outlets 26 and thereby reduce the possibility of the drug drippingdown the sides of spreader 14 before it can be spread onto the skin ofthe user. Optionally, there are no drug outlets 26 at outer drug channel38B as illustrated in FIG. 16. In FIG. 16, drug outlets 26 are locatedwithin inner drug channel 38A, and outer drug channel 38B can capture aquantity of drug that may overflow from inner drug channel 38A.

In some aspects, first portion 110 and second portion 112 of spreader 14are made of a rigid material, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) or other polymer which is compatible with the drug.

In FIG. 17, first portion 110 and second portion 112 of spreader 14 aremade of a rigid material, such as ABS or other material. Grooves 130 areformed into second portion lower surface 120. Each groove 130 forms asegment of drug passageway 24 between first portion aperture 121 andsecond portion drug outlets 26. Although only one groove is visible, itshould be understood that any number of grooves 130 may be formed intosecond portion lower surface 120 depending upon the number and locationof drug outlets 26. One end of each groove 130 is adjacent to and is influid communication with first portion aperture 121. The opposite end ofgroove 130 is adjacent to and in fluid communication with drug outlet26.

Groove 130 does not collapse or form a seal since first portion 110 andsecond portion 112 are both rigid. Drug passageway 24 can be sealed bygasket 132 attached to cover 42. Portions of gasket 132 press againstareas of second portion 112 where drug outlets 26 are located. Gasket132 can prevent amounts of drug within passageway 24 from evaporating,which allows passageway 24 to remain filled with drug. When passageway24 remains filled with drug, delivery of drug out of second portion drugoutlets 26 will occur immediately upon actuation of pump 16. Gasket 132can be made of a resilient material conforms to the surface contours offirst portion 110.

In FIG. 18, first portion 110 is made of a rigid material, such as ABSor other material. Second portion 112 is made of a flexible material,such as silicone, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), or other material. Theinterface between first portion 110 and second portion 112 forms drugpassageway 24 capable of self-collapsing or self-sealing. Drugpassageway 24 is not formed by any groove formed into first portion 110or second portion 112. When drug passageway 24 is in its sealed state,as illustrated in FIG. 18, second portion lower surface 120 is incontact with first portion supper surface 114. In the sealed state, theinterface is the area of contact between first portion 110 and secondportion 112. Flexibility of second portion lower surface 120 allows itto conform to the contour of first portion supper surface 114. When pump16 is actuated, the drug is forced into the interface. The hydraulicpressure causes second portion 112 to flex or stretch slightly, allowingit to separate from first portion 110. At this time, the interface ordrug passageway 24 is in an open state, which allows the drug to travelto second portion drug outlets 26. Resistance from first portion 110urges the drug out of second portion drug outlets 26. Thereafter, drugpassageway 24 returns to its collapsed state or sealed state.

Portions of second portion lower surface 120 can be secured, such as byultrasonic welding or adhesive, to first portion upper surface 114. Thisis done to prevent the drug from traveling to areas of spreader 14 whichdo not have drug outlets 26. For example, securement 134 can form a ringwhich surrounds drug outlets 26. Securement 134 can be any one or acombination of a weld, adhesive, and structural element which secureportions of second portion lower surface 120 to first portion uppersurface 114. An exemplary structural element is annular seal 136 thatincludes an annular protrusion on second portion lower surface 120 whichfits into and is affixed to an annular depression in first portion uppersurface 114.

In FIG. 18, second portion 112 functions as a valve member that allowsdrug passageway 24 to open and close. Spreader 14 can also employ avalve member that is distinct from second portion 112, as describedbelow.

In FIG. 19, first portion 110 and second portion 112 of spreader 14 aremade of a rigid material, such as ABS or other material. Grooves 130 areformed into second portion lower surface 120. Grooves 130 function asdescribed above for FIG. 17. Grooves 130 lead to apertures 122 formedinto second portion lower surface 120. Each aperture 122 is in fluidcommunication with a drug outlet 26. Edges of apertures 122 protrudefrom second portion upper surface 120. The aperture edges are pressedinto contact with valve member 140 disposed between first portion suppersurface 114 and second portion lower surface 120. Valve member 140 ismade of a material that is less stiff than first portion 110 and secondportion 112, and optionally can be made of elastic material, such assilicone, TPE, or other material.

When pump 16 is actuated, the drug is forced into grooves 130. Duringpump actuation, hydraulic pressure in the grooves 130 increases untilthe pressure causes valve member 140 to flex or stretch slightly,allowing it to separate from the edges of second portion apertures 122.When this happens, the drug is able to escape out of second portion drugoutlets 26, which reduces the hydraulic pressure and allows the valvemember 140 to once again press against and seal the edges of secondportion apertures 122. Movable portion 143 of valve portion 140 flexesor bends away from second portion apertures 122. Movable portion 143located directly above and is aligned with depression 142.

Depression 142 is formed into areas of first portion upper surface 114directly below the edges of apertures 122 in second portion lowersurface 120. Depression 142, which can be a through hole as illustratedor a blind hole, facilitates flexing or stretching of valve member 140.Depression 142 forms an empty space into which valve member 140 can moveto allow portion 143 valve member 140 to move out of contact from theedges of second portion apertures 122 when there is sufficient hydraulicpressure within groove 130.

In FIG. 19, the drug is supplied to two second portion drug outlets 26by a single groove 130. The spreader can be configured so that the drugis supplied to each second portion drug outlet 26 by its own groove 130as described below.

Spreader 14 of FIG. 20 is configured like that of FIG. 19 except eachgroove 130 supplies the drug to only a single second portion drug outlet26, and except for: the arrangement of drug channels 38 on the exteriorof second portion 112, and the arrangement of depressions 142 in firstportion 110. As shown in FIG. 21A, valve member 140 is a circular discwith a central opening 145 which receives the drug from first portionaperture 121. Central opening 145 is always open and is aligned with orconcentric with first portion aperture 121. Valve member 140 fits intopocket 166 formed into first portion upper surface 114. As shown in FIG.21B, grooves 130 are formed into second portion lower surface 120.Grooves 130 extend radially outward from a central point directly abovefirst portion aperture 121.

In FIGS. 19, 20 and 21A-21C, resiliency of valve member 140 allows it tomove away from and into contact with the edges of second portionapertures 122. A valve spring can be used with the valve member asdescribed below.

In FIG. 22, first portion 110 and second portion 112 of spreader 14 aremade of a rigid material, such as ABS or other material. Edges of secondportion apertures 122 are pressed into contact with valve member 140disposed between first portion supper surface 114 and second portionlower surface 120. Valve member 140 is confined within depression 142formed into first portion upper surface 114. Valve spring 144 is coupledto valve member 140 and applies a spring force that urges valve member140 to press against the edges of second portion aperture 122. Valvespring 144 can be a helical spring, as illustrated, or a leaf spring orother type of spring.

When pump 16 is actuated, the drug is forced into the interface betweensecond portion 112 and valve member 140. During pump actuation,hydraulic pressure at the interface increases until the pressureovercomes the spring force of valve spring 144. This causes valve spring144 to yield, which allows valve member 140 to move further intodepression 142 and thereby separate from the edges of second portionapertures 122. When this happens, the drug is able to escape out ofsecond portion drug outlets 26, which reduces the hydraulic pressure andallows the valve member 140 to once again press against and seal theedges of second portion apertures 122.

In FIG. 23, first portion 110, second portion 112, and valve member 140are made of a rigid material, such as ABS or other material. Edges ofsecond portion apertures 122 are pressed into contact with valve member140 disposed between first portion supper surface 114 and second portionlower surface 120. Cylindrical sides 141 of valve member 140 can besecured to second portion 112 by ultrasonic welding, an adhesive, orother securement. Valve member 140 is supported by periphery 111 offirst portion 110. Valve member 140 is cantilevered above depression 142formed into first portion upper surface 114. Valve member 140 has across-sectional profile and thickness that allows it to bend intodepression 142 due to hydraulic pressure when pump 16 is actuated. Forexample, the cross-sectional profile can include bend 146 that isconfigured to yield and thereby allow other areas of valve member 140 toseparate from the edges of second portion apertures 122 when the drug isforced between second portion 112 and valve member 140 as a result ofpump actuation.

Annular lip seal 148 protrudes from the upper surface of valve member140 and is confined within an annular depression in second portion lowersurface 120. Annular lip seal 148 encircles second portion drug outlets26 and prevents or inhibits the drug from traveling to areas of spreader14 that do not have drug outlets 26. Optionally, gasket 150 is disposedbelow the interface between valve member 140 and first portion 110 toprevent or inhibit leakage of the drug during pump actuation.

In FIGS. 19-23, the drug travels above valve member 140 and within aspace between valve member 140 and second portion 112. Spreader 14 canbe configured such that the drug travels below the valve member asdescribed below.

In FIGS. 24A and 24B, first portion 110 and second portion 112 are madeof a rigid material, such as ABS or other material. Valve member 140 isa round disc made of a material that is less stiff than first portion110 and second portion 112, and optionally can be made of elasticmaterial, such as silicone, TPE, or other material. Grooves 124 areformed into first portion upper surface 114. A plurality of slits 154are formed through the valve member 140. Slits 154 are located directlybelow second portion drug outlets 26. Slits 154 are normally closed.Flexibility of valve member 140 allows slits 154 to open when pump 16 isactuated. During pump actuation, the drug is forced into grooves 124below valve member 140. Hydraulic pressure in the grooves 124 increasesuntil the pressure causes the slits 154 to open. Optionally, secondportion drug outlets 26 are enlarged, as illustrated, so that areas ofvalve member 140 immediately adjacent to slits 154 can flex upward intothe empty space within second portion drug outlets 26 in response tohydraulic pressure and enable slits 154 to open. Enlarged second portiondrug outlets 26 may also function as cups, like drug channels 38 ofFIGS. 3 and 4, that temporarily contain the drug while the user slidesspreader 14 across the skin.

In FIGS. 25A-25C, first portion 110 and second portion 112 are made of arigid material, such as ABS or other material. Valve member is made of amaterial that is less stiff than first portion 110 and second portion112, and optionally can be made of elastic material, such as silicone,TPE, or other material. The construction of spreader 14 in FIGS. 25A-25Cis like that of FIGS. 24A and 24B except valve member 140 is not a rounddisc and drug channels 38 are formed on the exterior surface of secondportion 112. Valve member 140 has slits 154 that flex from a sealedstate to an open state in response to an increase in hydraulic pressurein grooves 124 during pump actuation.

To enhance drug delivery efficiency, valve member 140 is configured toprevent or inhibit the drug from moving to areas within spreader 14which are distant from slits 154. Valve member 140 includes centerportion 156 and a plurality of arms 158 that project radially outwardfrom the center portion. Center portion 156 has no slit. Center portion156 is located over first portion aperture 121. Slits 154 are formedthrough arms 158. Grooves 124 extend radially outward from first portionaperture 121 toward slits 154. Valve member 140 fits within pocket 160formed into second portion lower surface 120. Pocket 160 is a depressionhaving has a shape that matches the shape of valve member 140. Portions162 of second portion 112 which surround pocket 160 are disposed withinthe gaps between arms 158 of valve member 140. Portions 162 of secondportion 112 remain in contact with first portion 110, which can help tolimit the drug from traveling beyond the outer boundaries of valvemember 140.

Second portion 112 of spreader 14 is also configured to enhance drugdelivery efficiency. As shown in FIG. 25B, second portion drug outlets26 are formed within the depression of pocket 160. Rib 164 (alsoreferred to as a pinch rim) protrudes from the depression. Rib 164surrounds all second portion drug outlets 26. Rib 164 pinches or pressesinto valve member 140. Rib 164 functions like a fence that further helpsto limit the drug from traveling beyond the outer boundaries of valvemember 140.

In FIGS. 24A, 24B and 25A-25C, there is at least one slit 154 thatsupplies the drug to each second portion drug outlet 26. Spreader 14 canbe configured such that a single slit in the valve member can supply aplurality of second portion drug outlets, as described below. A singleslit can avoid problems associated with multiple slits in which one slitopens before other slits, which results in reduction of hydraulicpressure and prevents the drug from being released from the other slits.

In FIGS. 26A-26C, first portion 110 and second portion 112 are made of arigid material, such as ABS or other material. Valve member 140 is around disc made of a material that is less stiff than first portion 110and second portion 112, and optionally can be made of elastic material,such as silicone, TPE, or other material. Valve member 140 has only asingle slit 154. Single slit 154 supplies the drug to a plurality ofdrug outlets 26.

Valve member 140 is sandwiched between first portion 110 and secondportion 112. Valve member 140 is retained within pocket 166 formed infirst portion upper surface 114. Slit 154 is located directly abovefirst portion aperture 121. Slit 154 flexes from a sealed state to anopen state in response to an increase in hydraulic pressure at firstportion aperture 121 during pump actuation. None of the drug outlets 26are located directly above slit 154 to inhibit or prevent the drug fromjetting out in a stream from spreader 14. Grooves 130 and centraldepression 168 are formed into second portion lower surface 120. Grooves130 extend radially outward from central depression 168 to drug outlets26. During pump actuation, the drug flows through slit 154 and travelsthrough grooves 130 to drug outlets 26. Central depression 168 providesa space for valve member 140 to move upward and to flex so that slit 154may open in response to hydraulic pressure.

To enhance drug delivery efficiency, second portion 112 is configured toprevent or inhibit the drug from moving to areas within spreader 14which are distant from drug outlets 26. As shown in FIGS. 26B and 26C,rib 164 (also referred to as a pinch rim) protrudes from second portionlower surface 120. Rib 164 is disposed at the perimeter of all grooves130 and central depression 168. Rib 164 pinches or presses into valvemember 140. Rib 164 functions like a fence that helps to limit the drugfrom traveling outside of grooves 130.

In FIGS. 24A, 25A, and 26A, valve member 140 has one or more slits 154that open and close in response to hydraulic pressure. As discussedbelow, the valve member can have one or more openings which remain openat all times.

In FIG. 27, first portion 110 and second portion 112 of spreader 14 aremade of a rigid material, such as ABS or other material. Valve member140 is made of a material that is less stiff than first portion 110 andsecond portion 112, and optionally can be made of elastic material, suchas silicone, TPE, or other material. Valve member 140 functions like thesecond portion 112 of FIG. 18. A plurality of valve member through holes169 are formed through valve member 140. Valve member through holes 169remain open at all times. None of the valve member through holes arelocated directly above first portion aperture 121 of first portion 110,which inhibits or prevents the drug from jetting out in a stream fromspreader 14 during pump actuation. Each through hole 169 is radiallyoffset from first portion aperture 121 by radial distance 171.

Top end 170 of second portion 112 extends radially inward. Inner edges172 of top end 170 define edges of a single second portion drug outlet26. Second portion drug outlet 26 has diameter 174 that is from 0.7 to0.9 times inner diameter 176 inner diameter of cylindrical sides 39 ofsecond portion 112. Valve member 140 is secured between top end 170 ofsecond portion 112 and first portion upper surface 114. Optionally,valve member 140 secured (such as by ultrasonic welding, adhesive, orother means) to any one or more of top end 170 of second portion 112,cylindrical sides 39 of second portion 112, and perimeter 178 of firstportion 110. When valve member 140 is in a closed position, valve member140 is in contact with areas of first portion upper surface 114.Flexibility of valve member 140 allows it to conform to the contour offirst portion upper surface 114.

When pump 16 is actuated, the drug is forced into the interface betweenvalve member 140 first portion upper surface 114. Hydraulic pressure atfirst portion aperture 121 increases until the pressure causes valvemember 140 to flex or stretch slightly in an upward direction, allowingit to separate from first portion upper surface 114. The enlarged drugoutlet 26 formed in second portion 112 provides an empty space abovevalve member 140 to allow valve member 140 flex or stretch slightly inan upward direction in response to the hydraulic pressure. When thishappens, the drug is able to flow out of first portion aperture 121 andinto the space between valve member 140 and first portion upper surface114. At this time, the interface or drug passageway 24 is in an openstate, which allows the drug to travel to valve member through holes169. Resistance from valve member 140 urges the drug out of throughholes 169 and drug outlets 26. Thereafter, drug passageway 24 returns toits collapsed state or sealed state. Top end 170 of second portion 112forms a rim that may also function like a cup that temporarily containsthe drug while the user slides spreader 14 across the skin.

As discussed above, various aspects of the invention optionally includeone or more drug channels 38 formed into the upper surface of secondportion 112. Any of the second portions 112 described herein can bemodified to include one or more curved drug channels 38 which formconcentric circles (e.g., FIGS. 8 and 18), one or more drug channels 38which are curved but do not form closed circles (e.g., FIG. 24A), one ormore drug channels 38 which are linear and extend radially outward froma drug aperture (e.g., FIGS. 21A and 25B), and one or more drug channels38 which are oval in shape having one end with a first radius ofcurvature near a drug opening 26 and an opposite end having a secondradius of curvature greater than the first radius of curvature (e.g.,FIG. 20). Drug channels 38 can have other patterns. Drug channels 38 canbe a plurality of elongate channels formed into the upper surface ofsecond portion 112, and the channels can intersect or cross each otherto form a grid pattern on the upper surface of second portion 112. Drugchannels 38 can be a plurality of depressions formed into the uppersurface of second portion 112, and each channel is separated fromadjacent depressions so that the plurality of channels forms a patternof dots on the upper surface of second portion 112. The drug channels 38may include any one or a combination of the configurations describedabove.

Although spreader 14 has been described above in combination with pump16 and container 12, it will be appreciated that spreader 14 can be usedto dispense drugs from other types of pumps and/or drug containers.

Any of the above aspects of the invention can be modified such thatdevice 10 has no lock and there is no numerical limit on the totalnumber of times pump 16 can be actuated.

Any of the above designs for spreader 14 can be combined with any of thedesigns for lock 50 described above, such as lock 50 described inassociation with FIGS. 6-8 and 21A-21C. In FIG. 8, first ring 82 of lock50 functions as a dose counter part. The dose counter part has a portionthat is visible through aperture 44 in case 40 to indicate the number ofdrug doses which have been delivered by device 10 or the number of drugdoses remaining in device 10.

Any of the above designs for spreader 14 can be combined with any of thedesigns for lock 50 described below.

In FIGS. 28A-28D, device 10 has lock 50 that includes three rotatableparts: ratcheting part 190, intermediate gear 192, and dose counter part194. Intermediate gear operatively couples ratcheting part 190 to dosecounter part 194. Ratcheting part 190 is contacted and rotated byspreader 14. Intermediate gear 192 is contacted and rotated byratcheting part 190. Dose counter part 194 is contacted and rotated byintermediate gear 192.

The bottom edge of spreader 14 includes a plurality of angled spreaderteeth 195. When angled teeth 195 move into lock 50, lock 50 advances onestep toward its locked state. Lock 50 is configured to advance by atotal number of steps that corresponds to the total number of drug doseswhich device 10 is designed to deliver. The total number of stepsestablishes the numerical limit, previously described above, at whichpump 16 can no longer be actuated by spreader 14.

Ratcheting part 190 includes angled teeth 196 and is constrained frommoving axially relative to case 40. Pump 16 is actuated with downwardmovement of spreader 14 into case 40 in an axial direction parallel tocentral axis 70. When spreader 14 is pushed down by the user to actuatepump 16, angled spreader teeth 195 engage angled teeth 196 of ratchetingpart 190 and pushes teeth 196 sideways such that ratcheting part 190rotates about central axis 70. Ratcheting part 190 includes pawl 198that engages teeth on fixed ratchet member 84 and prevents ratchetingpart 190 from rotating backwards.

Ratcheting part 190 includes gear teeth 200 (FIGS. 28A and 28B) whichare located closer to central axis 70 than angled teeth 196.Intermediate gear 192 includes gear teeth 202 that engage gear teeth200, such that rotation of ratcheting part 190 causes intermediate gear192 to rotate about axis 204 which is parallel to and offset fromcentral axis 70. Dose counter part 194 includes gear teeth 206 thatengage gear teeth 202, such that rotation of intermediate gear 192causes dose counter part 194 to rotate about central axis 70.

Portion 208 of dose counter part 194 is visible through aperture 44 incase 40. Portion 208 is cylindrical. In FIG. 28C, portion 208 isillustrated schematically in a flattened state. Visual indicator 46 isdisposed on portion 208. As dose counter part 194 rotates, visualindicator 46 shifts position so that a different area of visualindicator 46 becomes visible in aperture 44. Visual indicator 46 can beas previously described above.

In FIG. 28C, visual indicator 46 includes a graphical pattern, which mayinclude changes in color, to indicate whether lock 50 is at or near thenumerical limit, previously described above, at which pump 16 can nolonger be actuated by spreader 14.

As shown in FIG. 28A, case 40 may include movable door 210 that canallow container 12 to be removed when empty and replaced with anothercontainer 12.

In FIGS. 29A-29B, device 10 includes lock 50 that provides the samefunction as described for FIG. 28A. A difference is that lock 50 ofFIGS. 29A-29B includes two intermediate gears. Lock 50 includes fourrotatable parts: ratcheting part 190, first intermediate gear 192,second intermediate gear 193, and dose counter part 194. Ratcheting part190 is operatively coupled to dose counter part 194 by firstintermediate gear 192 and second intermediate gear 193.

Spreader 14 includes a plurality of angled spreader teeth 195. Whenangled teeth 195 move into lock 50, lock 50 advances one step toward itslocked state. Lock 50 is configured to advance by a total number ofsteps that corresponds to the total number of drug doses which device 10is designed to deliver. The total number of steps establishes thenumerical limit, previously described above, at which pump 16 can nolonger be actuated by spreader 14.

Ratcheting part 190 includes angled teeth 196 and is constrained frommoving axially relative to case 40. When spreader 14 is pushed down bythe user to actuate pump 16, angled spreader teeth 195 engage angledteeth 196 of ratcheting part 190 and pushes teeth 196 sideways such thatratcheting part 190 rotates about central axis 70. Optionally,ratcheting part 190 can include a pawl that engages teeth on a fixedratchet member and prevents ratcheting part 190 from rotating backwards.

Ratcheting part 190 includes gear teeth 200 (FIGS. 29A and 29B) whichare located closer to central axis 70 than angled teeth 196. Firstintermediate gear 192 includes outer gear teeth 202 that engage gearteeth 200, such that rotation of ratcheting part 190 causes intermediategear 192 to rotate about axis 204 which is parallel to and offset fromcentral axis 70. First intermediate gear 192 includes inner gear teeth203. Second intermediate gear 193 includes gear teeth 205 that engagedinner gear teeth 203, such that rotation of first intermediate gear 192causes second intermediate gear 193 to rotate. Dose counter part 194includes gear teeth 206 that engage gear teeth 205, such that rotationof second intermediate gear 193 causes dose counter part 194 to rotateabout central axis 70.

In FIGS. 28A and 29A, dose counter part 194 is a hollow cylinder withcentral passageway 220 in which container 12 is located. The dosecounter part can be configured in other ways, as described below.

In FIGS. 30A-30C, device 10 has lock 50 that includes three rotatableparts: ratcheting part 190, intermediate gear 192, and dose counter part194. Ratcheting part 190 is contacted and rotated by spreader 14.Intermediate gear 192 is contacted and rotated by ratcheting part 190.Dose counter part 194 is contacted and rotated by intermediate gear 192.

Spreader 14 includes a plurality of angled spreader teeth 195. Whenangled teeth 195 move into lock 50, lock 50 advances one step toward itslocked state. Lock 50 is configured to advance by a total number ofsteps that corresponds to the total number of drug doses which device 10is designed to deliver. The total number of steps establishes thenumerical limit, previously described above, at which pump 16 can nolonger be actuated by spreader 14.

Ratcheting part 190 includes angled teeth 196 and is constrained frommoving axially relative to case 40. When spreader 14 is pushed down bythe user to actuate pump 16, angled spreader teeth 195 engage angledteeth 196 of ratcheting part 190 and pushes teeth 196 sideways such thatratcheting part 190 rotates about central axis 70. Optionally,ratcheting part 190 may include a pawl that engages teeth on a fixedratchet member and prevents ratcheting part 190 from rotating backwards.

Ratcheting part 190 includes gear teeth 200 (FIGS. 30A and 30B) whichare located closer to central axis 70 than angled teeth 196.Intermediate gear 192 includes outer gear teeth 202 that engage gearteeth 200, such that rotation of ratcheting part 190 causes intermediategear 192 to rotate about axis 204 which is parallel to and offset fromcentral axis 70. Intermediate gear 192 includes inner gear teeth 203.Dose counter part 194 includes gear teeth 206 that engage gear teeth203, such that rotation of intermediate gear 192 causes dose counterpart 194 to rotate about axis 207 that is parallel to and offset fromcentral axis 70 and axis 204.

Portion 208 of dose counter part 194 is visible through aperture 44 incase 40. Portion 208 is cylindrical. In FIG. 30C, portion 208 isillustrated schematically in a flattened state. Visual indicator 46 isdisposed on portion 208. As dose counter part 194 rotates, visualindicator 46 shifts position so that a different area of visualindicator 46 becomes visible in aperture 44. Visual indicator 46 can beas previously described above.

In FIG. 30C, visual indicator 46 includes a graphical pattern, which mayinclude changes in color, to indicate whether lock 50 is at or near thenumerical limit, previously described above, at which pump 16 can nolonger be actuated by spreader 14.

In FIGS. 31A and 31B, device 10 has lock 50 that includes ratchetingpart 190 and dose counter part 194. Ratcheting part 190 is operativelycoupled, in a direct manner, to dose counter part 194 without anintermediate gear. Ratcheting part 190 is contacted and rotated byspreader 14. Dose counter part 194 is contacted and rotated byratcheting part 190.

Spreader 14 includes a plurality of angled spreader teeth 195. Whenangled teeth 195 move into lock 50, lock 50 advances one step toward itslocked state. Lock 50 is configured to advance by a total number ofsteps that corresponds to the total number of drug doses which device 10is designed to deliver. The total number of steps establishes thenumerical limit, previously described above, at which pump 16 can nolonger be actuated by spreader 14.

Ratcheting part 190 includes angled teeth 196 and is constrained frommoving axially relative to case 40. When spreader 14 is pushed down bythe user to actuate pump 16, angled spreader teeth 195 engage angledteeth 196 of ratcheting part 190 and pushes teeth 196 sideways such thatratcheting part 190 rotates about central axis 70. Optionally,ratcheting part 190 may include a pawl that engages teeth on a fixedratchet member and prevents ratcheting part 190 from rotating backwards.

Ratcheting part 190 includes gear teeth 200 that are located closer tocentral axis 70 than angled teeth 196. Dose counter part 194 includesgear teeth 206 that engage gear teeth 200, such that rotation ofratcheting part 190 causes dose counter part 194 to rotate about axis207 that is offset from and parallel to central axis 70.

Dose counter part 194 includes helical thread 212 and movable indicatormember 214 that engages helical thread 212. Movable indicator part 214functions as a visual indicator. Movable indicator member 214 isconstrained from rotating around axis 207 but is not constrained frommoving axially on dose counter part 194. When the user actuates pump 16by pushing spreader 14 downward, dose counter part 194 rotates whichcauses movable indicator part 214 to move axially on helical thread 212.Movable indicator part 214 is visible through aperture 44 in case 40.

As shown in FIG. 31B, the position of movable indicator part 214 withinaperture 44 can indicate whether lock 50 is at or near the numericallimit, previously described above, at which pump 16 can no longer beactuated by spreader 14. Graphic symbols 216 or characters can bedisposed on case 40 to explain to the user the meaning of the positionof movable indicator part 214.

In FIG. 32A-32G, device 10 has lock 50 that includes three rotatableparts: ratcheting part 190, intermediate gear 192, and dose counter part194. Ratcheting part 190 is contacted and rotated by spreader 14.Intermediate gear 192 is contacted and rotated by ratcheting part 190.Dose counter part 194 is contacted and rotated by intermediate gear 192.

First portion 110 of spreader 14 includes a plurality of angled spreaderteeth 195. When angled teeth 195 move into lock 50, lock 50 advances onestep toward its locked state. Lock 50 is configured to advance by atotal number of steps that corresponds to the total number of drug doseswhich device 10 is designed to deliver. The total number of stepsestablishes the numerical limit, previously described above, at whichpump 16 can no longer be actuated by spreader 14.

As shown in FIGS. 32A and 32D, ratcheting part 190 includes angled teeth196 and is constrained from moving axially relative to case 40. Whenspreader 14 is pushed down by the user to actuate pump 16, angledspreader teeth 195 engage angled teeth 196 of ratcheting part 190 andpushes teeth 196 sideways such that ratcheting part 190 rotates aboutcentral axis 70. Optionally, ratcheting part 190 can include a pawl thatengages teeth on fixed ratchet member 84 and prevents ratcheting part190 from rotating backwards.

Ratcheting part 190 includes gear teeth 200 (FIGS. 32A and 32E) whichare located closer to central axis 70 than angled teeth 196.Intermediate gear 192 includes gear teeth 202 that engage gear teeth200, such that rotation of ratcheting part 190 causes intermediate gear192 to rotate about an axis that is parallel to and offset from centralaxis 70. Dose counter part 194 includes gear teeth 206 that engage gearteeth 202, such that rotation of intermediate gear 192 causes dosecounter part 194 to rotate about central axis 70. Dose counter part 194includes a portion that is visible through aperture 44 (FIG. 32F) incase 40 in the same manner described for device 10 of FIG. 27A.

Ratcheting part 190 includes cylindrical guide wall 218. Angled teeth196 are attached to cylindrical guide wall 218. Cylindrical guide wall218 is disposed between first portion 110 and second portion 112 ofspreader 14. Spreader angled teeth 195 slide against cylindrical guidewall 218 when spreader 14 is pushed down by the user to actuate pump 16.Ratcheting part 190 has central through hole 220 through which a topportion of container 12 extends.

Referring to FIG. 32G, spreader 14 moves up and down, within the centralopening of case top 40C, in a direction parallel to central axis 70.Spreader 14 moves relative to case top 40C and case 40. Case top 40C canbe permanently secured to case 40. Ratcheting part 190 does not travelup and down relative to case top 40C and case 40. Ratcheting part 190rotates about central axis 70 relative to case top 40C and case 40.Ratcheting part 190 rotates by one increment with each downward movementof spreader 14 into case top 40C.

Case top 40C keeps various components in place. Bottom edge 56 of casetop 40C engages flange portion 222 of ratcheting part 190, whichprevents ratcheting part 190 from moving up away from case 40. Inner lip58 of case top 40C engages protruding portion 60 of spreader 14 so as toprevent spreader 14 from separating away from pump 16.

Ring 84 is disposed between flange portion 222 of ratcheting part 190and dose counter part 194. Ring 84 holds intermediate gear 192 at theposition shown such that the gear teeth of intermediate gear 192 matewith the gear teeth of ratcheting part 190 and dose counter part 194.

FIG. 32G shows the gear teeth of intermediate gear 192 engaged with gearteeth 206 of ratcheting part 190. The lock (generally indicated bynumeral 50 in FIG. 32A) includes ratcheting part 190, intermediate gear192, and dose counter part 194. Dose counter part 194 includes lockmember 78 which moves incrementally (together with dose counter part194) with each rotation step taken by lock 50. In FIG. 32G, lock member78 is in the form of a filled area between two teeth 206 of dose counterpart 194.

Lock member 78 moves closer to its lockout position with each step oflock 50 that results from downward movement of spreader 14 and fromactuation of pump 16. When not at the lockout position, lock member 78is not engaged with intermediate gear 192, so dose counter part 194(together with lock member 78) is capable of rotating when spreader 14is pushed downward by the user. When at the lockout position (as shownin FIG. 32G), lock member 78 is engaged with intermediate gear 192.Thereafter, when the user of device 10 attempts to actuate pump 16again, lock member 78 obstructs any further movement. Lock member 78prevents further rotation of intermediate gear 194, which preventsfurther rotation of ratcheting part 190, which prevents downwardmovement of spreader 14, and which prevents pump 16 from being actuated.Dose counter part 194 can be designed such that the location of lockmember 78 will determine the numerical limit of lock 50, whichcorresponds to the number of times pump 16 can be actuated. Thenumerical limit of lock 50 is reached with lock member 78 obstructsintermediate gear 192 as shown in FIG. 32G.

In FIG. 32B, spreader 14 includes a single set of angled spreader teeth195. Optionally as shown, spreader teeth 195 are formed on andcircumferentially arranged around the outer surface of spreader firstportion 110. When device 10 is assembled, spreader teeth 195 aredisposed within the second portion 112 of spreader 114. As shown in FIG.32A, cylindrical guide wall 218 of ratcheting part 190 is disposedbetween spreader teeth 195 and second portion 112. This arrangementallows spreader teeth 195 to contact and rotatably push angled teeth 196of ratcheting part 190.

The components of the lock may be retained in position by various means.An exemplary means for retaining such components is shown in FIGS. 33Aand 33B.

In FIGS. 33A and 33B, device 10 has lock 50 that includes threerotatable parts: ratcheting part 190, intermediate gear 192, and dosecounter part 194. These three parts operate in the same way as describedin FIGS. 32A-32G, except as described below.

It is to be understood that dose counter part 194 in FIGS. 33A-Bincludes lock member 78 as in FIG. 32G. Lock member 78 is directlyattached to or is integrally formed on dose counter part 194. The lockmember 78 has a plurality of positions including a lockout position.Plurality of positions defines a circular travel path of the lockmember. Each change in position of the lock member is an incrementalstep on the circular travel path around the container. The lock movesthe lock member from one of the positions to the next position when thespreader actuates the pump. The lock member reaches the lockout positionwhen the pump has been actuated to the numerical limit of the lock. Whenat the lockout position, the lock member obstructs a tooth ofintermediate gear 192, which prevents movement of the spreader relativeto the case and prevents the spreader from actuating the pump.

Differences between lock components in FIGS. 32A-32G versus FIGS. 33A-Bare described below.

Retaining ring 84 shown in FIG. 32F is replaced by upper retaining ring250 and lower retaining ring 252 in FIGS. 33A-B. When device 10 is fullyassembled, upper retaining ring 250 and lower retaining ring 252 arefixed to each other and to device case 40. Upper retaining ring 250 andlower retaining ring 252 do not move relative to each other, and they donot move relative to case 40. Upper retaining ring 250 and lowerretaining ring 252 are fixed to each other by way of one or morecantilevered clips 254, ultrasonic welding, screws, or other means. Asdescribed below, upper retaining ring 250 and lower retaining ring 252keep the ratcheting part 190, intermediate gear 192, and dose counterpart 194 properly engaged with each other.

Lower retaining ring 252 includes support ledge 256, spindle 258, andclick feature 260. Support ledge 256 supports dose counter part 194without interfering with gear teeth 206 of dose counter part 194. Dosecounter part 194 rotatably slides on support ledge 256 with eachactuation of the pump and advancement of the lock previously described.Dose counter part 194 rotates about central axis 70.

Spindle 258 supports intermediate gear 192. Intermediate gear 192rotatably slides on and around spindle 258 with each actuation of thepump and advancement of the lock previously described. Spindle 258 ispositioned so that intermediate gear 102 engage gear teeth 206 of dosecounter part 194. Spindle 258 constrains rotation of intermediate gear192 about axis 204 which is offset from central axis 70.

Click feature 260 is in the form of a flexible cantilevered arm thatextends radially inward toward central axis 70. Click feature 260 has aradial length that allows for mechanical interference with a projectionof the device pump. For example, the projection may be flange 262 ofpump 16 shown in FIGS. 1, 28A, 29A, 30A, 31A, and 32A. Pump 16 may haveanother type of projection for interacting with click feature 260.Before the user presses device spreader 14, the pump projection is at isnormal position above click feature 260. When the user starts to pressspreader 14, the pump projection pushes down on the tip of click feature260. With increased pressure applied to spreader 14, the tip deflectsand eventually flicks or snaps to a position above the pump projection,which produces an audible click sound. The pump projection is nowlocated below click feature 260. Next, when the user releases spreader14, a spring or other biasing device inside pump 16 returns the pumpprojection to its normal position. When moving to its normal position,the pump projection deflects the tip of click feature 260 upward, whichcauses the tip to snap to a position below the pump projection andthereby produce another audible click.

Upper retaining ring 250 includes fingers 264 that retain flange portion222 of ratcheting part 190. Fingers 264 retain ratcheting part 190 sothat gear teeth 200 of ratcheting part 190 remain engaged withintermediate gear 192. Upper retaining ring 250 includes angled teeth196A and 196B. Tooth 196A and tooth 196B form a pair, and upperretaining ring 250 may have two, three, or more pairs of teeth 196A and196B. Angled teeth 196A and 196B are circumferentially arranged aroundcentral axis 70. Gear teeth 200 are also circumferentially arrangedaround central axis 70 but are located closer to central axis 70 thanangled teeth 196A and 196B. Gear teeth 200 operate in the same way asgear teeth 200 described in FIGS. 28A, 29A, 30A, 31A, and 32A.

Teeth 196A are upward facing in that their sloped surfaces 197 faceupward. Teeth 196B are downward facing in that their sloped surfaces 197face downward. Before the user presses spreader 14, teeth 196B arealready disposed between pairs of spreader teeth 195 (FIG. 32B). Whenthe user presses spreader 14 downward, teeth 196B help to guide spreaderteeth 195 into contact with sloped surfaces 197 of upward facing teeth196A. When contact occurs, spreader teeth 195 cause ratcheting part 190to rotate as previously described for previous figures of the presentspecification. Tips of the sloped surfaces 197 are axially spaced apartby axial gap 199. Axial gap 199 is sized to permit passage of spreaderteeth 195 during rotation of ratcheting part 190. Due to rotation ofratcheting part 190, spreader teeth 195 become axially aligned withsloped surfaces 197 of downward facing teeth 196B. When the userreleases spreader 14, spreader teeth 195 move up and return to theiroriginal position. Each tooth 196B is now disposed between a differentpair of spreader teeth 195. Tooth 196B prevents rotation of ratchetingpart 190 until the user presses spreader 14 again.

When a spreader tooth 195 passes through axial gap 199 and then moves upto its original position, spreader tooth 195 contacts sloped surface 197of downward facing tooth 196B. When contact occurs, spreader tooth 195causes ratcheting part 190 to rotate further in the same direction.Rotation with both downward and upward motion of spreader tooth 195 (andspreader 14) allows for a greater amount of rotation of ratcheting part190 which each drug dose delivered. Due to action of intermediate gear192, greater rotation of ratcheting part 190 translates to even greaterrotation of dose counter part 194 so that a change in position ofprinted numerical or graphic indicators on dose counter part 194 can bemore easily perceived by the user.

The lock components described in FIGS. 33A and 33B cooperate withspreader first portion 110 and second portion 112 in the same way as thelock components described in FIGS. 32A-32G.

FIGS. 33A and 33B illustrate a design for spreader 14 that can becombined with any of the designs for lock 50 described above.

Spreader first portion 110 and second portion 112 are both made of rigidmaterial. Proper operation of spreader 14 does not require any of firstportion 110 and second portion 112 to flex or bend in relation to theother. Also, there is no flexible valve member for sealing drugpassageway 24 between first portion 110 and second portion 112. Drugpassageway 24 does not move from a collapsed state to an open state.Drug passageway 24 remains open at all times.

Upper surface 118 of second portion 112 is the same as what is shown inFIGS. 20 and 32C. In FIGS. 20, 32C, and 34A, drug channels 38 are apetal-shaped ovals. The oval is defined by channel perimeter 37. Eachoval perimeter 37 has round narrow end 270 and round wide end 272. Roundwide end 272 has a radius of curvature greater than that of round narrowend 270. Round narrow ends 270 converge toward each other. Drug channels38 are arranged radially with round narrow ends 270 located closer tocentral axis 70 of spreader 14 as compared to round wide ends 272. Thatis, the radial distance from central axis 70 to round narrow ends 270 isless than the radial distance from central axis 70 to round wide ends272. Round wide ends 272 are located closer to peripheral edge 30 ofspreader 14 as compared to narrow ends 270. That is, the radial distancefrom peripheral edge 30 to round wide ends 272 is less than the radialdistance from peripheral edge 30 to round narrow ends 270. All drugoutlets 26 are located closer to first portion aperture 121 thanperipheral edge 30. This allows the drug to be more quickly delivered tothe surface than if drug outlets 26 were located further away from firstportion aperture 121.

As shown in FIG. 34A, each drug channel 38 is a concave depressionhaving a depth that varies according to distance from central axis 70.The depth is shallower at round narrow end 270 and round wide end 272than at groove central region 274. Round narrow end 270, groove centralregion 274, round wide end 272, are also referred to as a first grooveregion, second groove region, and third groove region, respectively. Thedepth is greatest at groove central region 274 (second groove region).There is no drug outlet present at groove central region 274. Drugoutlet 26 is located at round narrow end 270 (first groove region). Whenthe drug exits drug outlet 26, it can be immediately spread on theuser's skin. Since drug outlet 26 is not located at the deepest regionof drug channel 38, the drug is less likely to collect or pool withindrug channel 38 without making contact with the skin. Excess amounts ofthe drug, if any, may tend to move radially outward from outlet 26toward peripheral edge 30. When moving radially outward, the excessamounts of the drug may then be captured by groove central region 274due to the greater groove depth at groove central region 274. This caninhibit the drug from being pushed out beyond peripheral edge 30 whereit can drip down sides 39 of spreader 14. As the user rubs spreader 14on the skin, the excess drug collected within groove central region 274can be pushed toward peripheral edge 30 and into round wide end 272 ofthe drug channel. As previously mentioned, drug channel 38 becomesshallower at round wide end 272. At the same time, drug channel 38becomes wider at round wide end 27, so the excess drug can bedistributed over a greater surface area of the spreader 14 before itreaches peripheral edge 30. By spreading the drug over a greater surfacearea, the drug is more likely to be transferred onto the user's skinrather than dripping down sides 39 of the spreader.

There five petal-shaped oval drug channels 38 on second portion uppersurface 118. There is a single drug outlet 26 in each drug channel 38.In other aspects, there can be a lesser or greater number ofpetal-shaped oval drug channels 38. Also, there can be two or more drugoutlets in each drug channel 38. The number of drug channels and outletsmay depend on the viscosity of the drug composition, the surface areasize of the spreader, and/or other factors.

The concept of placing the drug outlets at a shallow region (e.g., roundnarrow end or first groove region) of the drug channel, instead of thedeepest region of the channel (e.g., central groove region or secondgroove region), may also be applied to any of the concentric annulardrug channels described above, such as in FIGS. 3, 4, 8 and others.

Referring again to FIGS. 34A and 34B, first portion aperture 121receives the drug and distributes it to drug outlets 26 via straightdelivery grooves formed into the upper surface of spreader first portion110 or on the lower surface of spreader second portion 112. Deliverygrooves can be the same as grooves 124 in FIG. 25A. There is a singlegroove for each drug outlet 26. Delivery grooves are encircled byannular rib 276 formed on the upper surface of first portion 110.Annular rib 276 is received within annular groove 278 formed into thelower surface of second portion 112. Annular rib 276 and annular groove278 prevent or inhibit the drug from traveling beyond drug outlets 26 sothat a maximum amount of the drug can reach the outer surface 118 of thespreader in the shortest amount of time. Portions of the first portionupper surface and the second portion lower surface can be fusedtogether, such as by ultrasonically welding or other means, to helpbring a maximum amount of the drug to the outer surface quickly. Forexample, areas between delivery grooves can be ultrasonically fusedtogether so that the drug is encouraged to travel only in the deliverygrooves. Additionally or alternatively, annular rib 276 and annulargroove 278 may be ultrasonically welded together to encourage the drugto exit from outlets 26.

As shown in FIG. 34B, spreader first portion 110 has alignment feature280 which may facilitate assembly and proper alignment of first portion110 with second portion 112, components of lock 50 and/or othercomponents of device 10.

Alignment feature 280 may prevent rotation of first portion 110 when theuser presses spreader 14. As described above, when the user pushesspreader 14 down, spreader teeth 195 of first portion 110 contacts theteeth of ratcheting part 190, which causes ratcheting part 190 to rotateforward. When contact occurs, it is desirable to prevent first portion110 from rotating backward so that a maximum amount of torque is appliedto ratcheting part 190. In FIG. 34B, alignment feature 280 is in theform of depression formed into the second portion upper surface.Depression 280 receives protrusion 282 formed on the second portionlower surface. Depression 280 and protrusion 282 can be as shown inFIGS. 32A and 32B.

Engagement between depression 280 and protrusion 282 ensures thatspreader first portion 110 does not rotate relative to second portion112. Spreader second portion 112 includes arm 284 which extends radiallyoutward and engages vertical ribs 286 in case top 40C, as shown in FIG.35. Ribs 286 run parallel to central axis 70 (FIG. 34A). FIG. 35 shows aview looking up from beneath arm 284 when arm 284 is seated between apair of ribs 286 of case top 40C. An exemplary case top 40C is shown inFIG. 8. Ribs 286 allow arm 284 to move linearly when the user pressesspreader 14. Arm 284 slides between ribs 286 but is prevented fromrotating relative to case top 40C. Spreader second portion 112 may havetwo, three, or more arms 284. On case top 40C, there would be one pairof ribs 286 for each arm 284.

Although the descriptions above sometimes refer to topicaladministration of a drug to the user's axilla (armpit), it will beappreciated that device 10 (or spreader 14 or container 12 incombination with other types of devices) can be used to administer adrug (e.g., glycopyrronium tosylate or others) to the user's hand, feet,forehead, and/or other parts of the anatomy as indicated above.

Although the descriptions above refer to dispensing glycopyrroniumtosylate, which can be used to treat hyperhidrosis, it will beappreciated that device 10 can be used to treat other medicalconditions, diseases, or ailments. Device 10 (or spreader 14 orcontainer 12 in combination with other types of devices) can be used foradministration of many types of compositions and drugs as indicatedabove.

While several particular forms of the invention have been illustratedand described, it will also be apparent that various modifications canbe made without departing from the scope of the invention. It is alsocontemplated that various combinations or subcombinations of thespecific features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can becombined with or substituted for one another in order to form varyingmodes of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that theinvention be limited, except as by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device for dispensing a drug, the device comprising: a case; a spreader for spreading a drug on the skin, the spreader extending out of the case; a container for the drug, the container disposed within the case and including a pump configured to be actuated to deliver the drug to the spreader; and a lock within the case, the lock configured to prevent actuation of the pump when the pump has been actuated to a numerical limit of the lock, wherein the lock includes a dose counter part coupled to the spreader, the dose counter part includes a visual indicator that is visible through an aperture in the case, the dose counter part rotates with axial movement of the spreader into the case, and the rotation of the dose counter part moves the visual indicator within the aperture, and wherein the lock includes a ratcheting part operatively coupled to the dose counter part, the ratcheting part rotates with axial movement of the spreader into the case, the rotation of the ratcheting part rotates the dose counter part, and the ratcheting part is operatively coupled to the dose counter part by one or more intermediate gears.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the spreader includes a plurality of spreader teeth, the spreader teeth rotate the ratcheting part with axial movement of the spreader into the case.
 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the spreader includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion is mounted on a tip of the container, the second portion covers the first portion and forms an exposed surface of the spreader outside of the case, the ratcheting part includes a cylindrical wall disposed between the first portion and the second portion, the ratcheting part includes a plurality of angled teeth on the cylindrical wall, and the angled teeth are configured to engage the spreader teeth.
 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the ratcheting part includes gear teeth operatively coupled to the dose counter part, the gear teeth are closer to a rotation axis of the ratcheting part than the angled teeth of the ratcheting part.
 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the ratcheting part includes a through hole in which the container extends.
 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the axial movement of the spreader into the case is in a direction parallel to a central axis of the spreader.
 7. The device of claim 6, wherein a rotation axis of the dose counter part is coincident with the central axis of the spreader.
 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the drug is: tretinoin; benzocaine, butamben, dibucaine, lidocaine, oxybuprocaine, pramoxine, proparacaine, proxymetacaine, or tetracaine; erythromycin, benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, penederm, sodium sulfacetamide, adapalene or Tazorac; becaplermin; minoxidil; tigecycline, clindamycin or butenafine; podofilox; betamethasone; luliconazole, terbinafine or terbinafine hydrochloride; tacrolimus; azelaic acid; ivermectin; ingenol mebutate; polidocanol; mechlorethamine; efinaconazole; glycopyrronium bromide; glycopyrronium tosylate; or an aluminum salt.
 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the drug is for administration to any region of the skin.
 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the drug is for administration to: one or more axilla; one or more hands; one or more palms; one or more feet; one or more foot soles; the face; the forehead; the back; the lower back; the upper back; or to the genitals.
 11. A device for dispensing a drug, the device comprising: a container for a drug; and a spreader connected to the container and having an exposed surface for spreading the drug on skin, the exposed surface including a plurality of drug outlets that dispense the drug from the container, the exposed surface further including a plurality of concave drug channels arranged around a central axis of the spreader, at least some of the drug outlets being located within the drug channels, each drug channel having an oval perimeter, the oval perimeter defined by a round narrow end, a round wide end, and a groove central region between the round narrow end and the round wide end, the round wide end having a radius of curvature greater than that of the round narrow end, the round narrow ends of the oval perimeters converge toward each other and are closer to the central axis than the round wide ends, each drug channel having a depth that varies within the oval perimeter, the depth being greater at the groove central region than at the round narrow end and the round wide end.
 12. The device of claim 11, wherein at least some of the drug outlets are located in the round narrow end of the oval perimeter of each drug channel.
 13. The device of claim 11, wherein none of the drug outlets present on the spreader are located in any of the round wide ends of the oval perimeters of the drug channels.
 14. The device of claim 11, wherein none of the drug outlets present on the spreader are located in any of the groove central regions of the oval perimeters of the drug channels.
 15. The device of claim 11, wherein all of the drug outlets present on the spreader are located within the oval perimeters of the drug channels.
 16. The device of claim 11, wherein spreader includes: a first portion having a first portion upper surface and a first portion lower surface, the first portion lower surface coupled to the container; and a second portion disposed over the first portion and having a second portion upper surface and a second portion lower surface facing the first portion upper surface, the second portion upper surface being the exposed surface in which the drug channels and drug outlets are formed, and wherein the first portion upper surface and the second portion lower surface define drug passageways that extend to the drug outlets, and areas of the first portion upper surface between the drug passageways are in contact with the second portion lower surface.
 17. A device for dispensing a drug, the device comprising: a spreader for spreading the drug, the spreader including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a first portion upper surface and a first portion lower surface, the second portion having a second portion upper surface for applying the drug onto skin and a second portion lower surface, the second portion lower surface is disposed on and in contact with the first portion upper surface, wherein a drug inlet is formed through the first portion lower surface, a drug passageway extends from the drug inlet to an aperture formed in the first portion upper surface, at least one concave drug channel is formed in the second portion upper surface, each drug channel has a depth that varies, each drug channel includes a first groove region and a second groove region, the depth is greatest at the second groove region as compared to all other regions of the drug channel, a plurality of drug outlets are formed through the second portion upper surface, at least some of the drug outlets are located in the first groove region of the at least one concave drug channel, and none of the drug outlets present on the second portion upper surface are located in any second groove region on the second portion upper surface.
 18. The device of claim 17, wherein all the drug outlets present on the second portion upper surface are located in the first groove region of the at least one concave drug channel.
 19. The device of claim 17, wherein the at least one concave drug channel includes two or more concave drug channels, each of the drug channels includes its own first groove region and second groove region, the depth of the drug channel is greatest at the second groove region as compared to all other regions of the drug channel.
 20. The device of claim 17, wherein each concave drug channel has an oval perimeter, the oval perimeter is defined by the first groove region, the second groove region, and a third groove region, the second groove region is disposed between the first groove region and the third groove region, the third groove region has a radius of curvature at the perimeter that is greater than that of the first groove region, the first groove regions of the oval perimeters converge toward each other and are closer to a central axis of the spreader than the third groove region, and the depth is greater at the second groove region than at the first and third groove regions.
 21. The device of claim 17, wherein the aperture formed in the first portion upper surface provides the drug to all the drug outlets, and none of the drug outlets are located directly above the aperture.
 22. The device of claim 17, wherein device further comprises a container for the drug, the container coupled to the drug inlet formed through the first portion lower surface, wherein the first portion upper surface and the second portion lower surface define drug passageways that extend from the aperture formed in the first portion upper surface to the drug outlets. 